BREEDING AND SELECTION METHODS

FOR SELF-POLLINATED CROPS

Prepared by:

PAULINE LUMAWAG
CYRIL JAMES MANGILIT
BREEDING AND SELECTION METHODS FOR
SELF-POLLINATED CROPS

Double haploid technique

• Done through anther/pollen culture using tissue culture
techniques
• Consist of production of haploids plants from pollen
followed by doubling the chromosome with the use of
colchicine.
• Another technique is by chromosome elimination
through Hardeum bulbusom which is use in H. vulgare
or Triticum eastivum.
BREEDING AND SELECTION METHODS FOR SELF-
POLLINATED CROPS

Double haploid technique

• Step in anther/pollen culture

Flower bud

Anther culture

Haploid embryo Proliferating Pollen culture

formation anther
Multinucleate pollen
Haploid callus
Oroembryo formation
Differentiating
callus Pollen embryo

Haploid plant
BREEDING AND SELECTION METHODS FOR
SELF-POLLINATED CROPS

Double haploid technique

• Step in anther/pollen culture

Haploid plants

Treatment with Colchicine

Homozygous diploid plants

Seed increase

Yield trials
BREEDING AND SELECTION METHODS FOR SELF-
POLLINATED CROPS

Double haploid technique

• Chromosome elimination technique
Parent A x Parent B

𝐹1 x Hordeum bulbosum
Preferential loss of H. bulbosum
genome
Haploid embryos

Grow embryos into seedlings

Doubling using colchicines

Homozygous diploid plants

BREEDING AND SELECTION METHODS FOR
SELF-POLLINATED CROPS

Double haploid technique

For example:
Genotype: AaBcCd
Haploid individual Diploid individual
ABC AABBCC
Abc AABBccc
AbC AAbbCC
Abc AAbbcc
aBC aaBBCC
aBc aaBBcc
abC aabbCC
abc aabbcc
BREEDING AND SELECTION METHODS FOR SELF-
POLLINATED CROPS
Double haploid technique
• Advantages
• complete homozygosity achieved in a single generation
• better selection efficiency among homogenous progeny of
double haploid
• Selection not complicated by masking effect of dominant
allele over ressesive allele
• Saves time to achieve high degree of homozygosity

• Disadvantages
• Requires special equipment/facility as well as trained personnel
• Preferential haploid production may be observed
BREEDING AND SELECTION METHODS FOR SELF-
POLLINATED CROPS
Improvement of existing purelines
• through backcrossing method
• Use to retain the characteristic of one parent (recurrent
parent)
• Basic requirement to be successful
• Variety that is generally satisfactory is available but has a
weakness that can be corrected by transfer of character or
characters from another variety (donor parent)
• There should be variety/varieties that have character/
characters needed in a good variety
• Genes controlling the character in donor parent are able to give
full expression in the generic background of the recurrent parent
• Genotype of recurrent parent can be recovered in a reasonable
number of backcross.
BREEDING AND SELECTION METHODS FOR SELF-
POLLINATED CROPS
Improvement of existing purelines

• through backcrossing method

• Well suited for affecting a small number of gene substitution
necessary to increase the usefulness of successful variety/
varieties without the risk of breaking up the existing
combinations of desirable genes which have made them
outstanding in many respects
BREEDING AND SELECTION METHODS FOR SELF-
POLLINATED CROPS
Improvement of existing purelines
• through backcrossing method (dominant character)
 Example: transfer of stem rust resistance in wheat

White federation (rr) x Hope (RR)

rr x Rr (𝑓 1 )

BC1 rr x Rr + rr (discarded)

BC2 rr x Rr + rr (discarded)

up to BC6
BREEDING AND SELECTION METHODS FOR SELF-
POLLINATED CROPS
Improvement of existing purelines
• through backcrossing method (dominant character)
BREEDING AND SELECTION METHODS FOR SELF-
POLLINATED CROPS
Improvement of existing purelines
• through backcrossing method (dominant character)
 Example: transfer of stem rust resistance in wheat

Rr ( after B 6 )

selfed
RR + Rr + rr (discarded)
selfed

RR + Rr + rr

discard
RR: uniformly resistance in progeny rows ( white pederation with rust
resistance bulk all the materials)
Rr: line segregating at f2
rr: uniformly susceptible
BREEDING AND SELECTION METHODS FOR SELF-
POLLINATED CROPS
Improvement of existing purelines
• through backcrossing method (recessive character)
 Done through alternate backcrossing and selfing
 Example
BB x bb
(susceptible) (resistance)
B𝐂𝟏 BB x Bb

BB + Bb (selfed)

B𝐂𝟐 BB + Bb + bb x BB

Bb (selfed)

B𝐂𝟑 BB + Bb + bb x BB

up to BC6
BREEDING AND SELECTION METHODS FOR SELF-
POLLINATED CROPS
Improvement of existing purelines
• through backcrossing method (recessive character)
BREEDING AND SELECTION METHODS FOR SELF-
POLLINATED CROPS
Improvement of existing purelines
• through backcrossing method (recessive character)
 Done through alternate backcrossing and selfing
 Contribution of recurrent parent genome

Generation % Recurrent parent

genome
75
87.5
93.8
96.9
98.4
99.2
BREEDING AND SELECTION METHODS FOR SELF-
POLLINATED CROPS
Improvement of existing purelines
• through backcrossing method
• Advantages
• A predictable method
• Can be conducted in a small area
• Very little or no testing is necessary after obtaining the
improved variety

• Disadvantages
• Effective only for highly heritable character
• Performance of resulting improved variety is limited to the
choice of donor parent
• Undesirable genes/character of donor parent may be
difficult to eliminate if linked with desirable character
• “Improved variety” could be obsolete in other traits before it
is released
BREEDING AND SELECTION METHODS FOR SELF-
POLLINATED CROPS

Production of multilines/blends
• Composed of several/varieties which are almost the genetically the
same but with difference in only 1 trait
• Production of isogenic lines
• Usually deals with disease/insect pest resistance
• Develop isogenic through series of backcrossing with 1 variety as a
recurrent parent and different donor parents exhibiting different
degree of resistance
• For commercial production, bulk together and isogenic lines with
different sources of resistance in equal amount of seeds
• Needs monitoring of the strain of pests to deploy the needed
resistance
BREEDING AND SELECTION METHODS FOR SELF-
POLLINATED CROPS

Production of multilines/blends
• Blends: a composite produce by mixing 2 or more varieties/cultivars
which yield consistently higher than the average of the pure
component varieties/ cultivars due to the buffering effect against the
G x E.
• Needs uniformity in terms of maturity
• More stable than a pureline
• Needs to be reconstituted at regularinterval
BREEDING AND SELECTION METHODS FOR SELF-
POLLINATED CROPS

Production of hybrid varieties

• Popularity used in rice, onion
• Difficulty in doing controlled crosses
• Utilizes pollination control system e.g. male sterility, self-
incompatibility, etc.
• Can do emasculation and pollination