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Global Migration
Global Migration
MIGRATION
As a result of social, economic and
political changes migration as a
worldwide issue has brought about 80
million migrants and 20 million of them
are refugees. Movement of people
from one region or society to another
for the purpose of settlement.
DEFINITIONS
• Migration is the movement of people from
one region to another for the purpose of
settlement.
• Immigration is the movement of people
into a country to settle.
• Emigration is the process by which people
leave a country to settle in another
country.
HISTORY
European expansion and its effects brought
migration into world’s agenda. After 2nd World
War and especially in the last decades
migration became an important political issue.
Migration on the one hand make a country’s
population ethnically and culturally colorful,
creates hostility towards outsiders on the other.
Movement of people towards the 1st World
forced European countries’ to examine their
citizenship regulations.
FOUR MODELS OF
MİGRATİON
• Classic Model: Immigration is encouraged by
the countries of destination like USA, Canada
and Australia. The only restriction is annual
quotas.
• Colonial Model: Countries are more tolerant to
immigration coming from their ex-colonies than
other countries of origin. (i.e. immigration to
England from the former British colonies)
• Worker Model: Immigrants are accepted
temporarily as guests workers to fulfil the demand
within the labour market without citizenship.
• Illegal Model: Entering an industrialized country
secretly and work without legal permission.
FORCES BEHIND MIGRATION
• Push Factors are the dinamics within the country of
origin which force people to emigrate such as war,
famine, political oppression or population pressures.
• Pull Factors are characteristics of destination countries
that attract immigrant wish to get better living and
working conditions.
• Macro Level Processes: Overcharging issues such as
political situations, laws and regulations between the
countries to control migration. Changes in global
economy can be counted as a macro factor for
example.
• Micro Level Processes: Resources knowledge and
understandings that migrant population has and
activate.
A CASE FOR MACRO/MICRO
LEVEL PROCESSES
• Macro Level
-Germany’s need for labour,
-German policy for guest workers,
-Turkish economy’s lacking employment.
• Micro Level
Informal network among Turkish workers.
FOUR TENDENCIES IN GLOBAL
MIGRATION
(BY STEPHEN CASTLES AND MARK MILLER, 1993)