GLYCOSAMINOGLYCAN

MUKESH DHITAL
ASST.PROF.CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY

BY:MUKESH DHITAL
• GAGs are the most important group of
heteropolysaccharides in animals.
• They were first isolated from mucin and
therefore also called mucopolysaccharides.
• These complex sugars are major components
of the extracellular matrix of connective
tissue, including bone and cartilage,synovial fl
uid of joints, vitreous humor of eye and
secretions of mucus-producing cells.

BY:MUKESH DHITAL
• Glycosaminoglycans(GAGs)/mucopolysaccharides are a
group of high molecular weight, linear polysaccharides,with
repeating disaccharide units.
• Each disaccharide unit comprises of an amino sugar and an
acid sugar (uronic acid).
• (XY)1 — (XY)2 — (XY)3 … (XY)n — Core protein.

where X Amino sugar, Y Uronic acid (mostly)

• Amino sugar (Glycosamine) is generally glucosamine or
galactosamine and uronic acid is generally D-glucuronic
acid.
• Amino group is Acetylated or Sulfated.

BY:MUKESH DHITAL
• GAGs are covalently attached to a protein (termed
core protein) to form hybrid molecules, termed
proteoglycans.
• The sugar component constitutes up to 95% of
the proteoglycan molecule.

-Linking of polysaccharide chains to the core protein

occurs by a core trisaccharide,Gal-Gal-Xyl.
GAG — Core trisaccharide — Core protein

-An exception is hyaluronic acid, The longest

GAG,which is not attached to a core protein.
BY:MUKESH DHITAL
BY:MUKESH DHITAL
• The proteoglycan aggregates are polyanionic
because of the many negative charges of the
carboxyl groups of the uronic acids, and the
sulphate groups attached to some of the
sugars.
• Being highly hydrophilic, these groups
attract water molecules to form a hydrated gel
like matrix that forms body’s ground
substance.

BY:MUKESH DHITAL
BY:MUKESH DHITAL
 CLASSIFICATION OF
MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES

Neutral- Blood group substance

ACIDIC Sulphate free - Hyluronic acid
ACIDIC with Sulphate group- Chondriotin Sulphate,Keratan
Sulphate,Dermatan Sulphate
BY:MUKESH DHITAL
 BASIC STRUCTURE OF
GAG/MPS/PROTEOGLYCAN

BY:MUKESH DHITAL
BY:MUKESH DHITAL
BY:MUKESH DHITAL
BY:MUKESH DHITAL
IMPORTANT HOMOPOLYSACCHARIDE
AND THEIR ROLE

BY:MUKESH DHITAL
THANK YOU

BY:MUKESH DHITAL