ECOLOGICAL PROCESSES

FOOD CHAIN
1.FOOD CHAIN
Food chains, also called food networks,
2. INTERESTING FACTS
describe the feeding relationships between
species within an ecosystem.

Organisms are connected to organisms

they consume by arrows representing the
direction of biomass they transfer.
Example of a
food chain in a
Swedish lake
A food chain is the flow of energy from one
organism to the next and to the next and to the
next.

Organisms in a food chain are grouped into

Trophic Levels — from the Greek word for
nourishment, trophikos — based on how many
links they are removed from the primary
producers.

Trophic levels may consist of either a single

species or a group of species that are presumed
to share both predators and prey
INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT FOOD
CHAINS:

Deer eating shrub leaves,

rabbits eating carrots,
worms eating grass.

When these animals eat these plant

products, food energy and organic
compounds are transferred from the plants
to the animals.
Ecological
Pyramids
This pyramid helps one visualize the fact that in
an ecological system there need to be many
producing organisms at the bottom of the
pyramid to be able to sustain just a couple of
organisms at the top.

In looking at the pyramid, can you guess how

much larger the volume of each layer is as
compared to the one just above it?

Take a guess.

It might not look like it but they are close to 10

times larger.
ENERGY FLOW 1. Food Chains

IN ECOLOGY
2. Food
Webs
 LANDSCAPE
CONSERVATION
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE:

It is the most comprehensive of all disciplines

in the creation of the physical environment.

There is a popular conception of landscape

architecture being just planting or something
to do with horticulture / plants
LANDSCAPE architecture is taking shape as full-fledged
profession centered in
New Delhi
 Pune
 Bangalore

Schools of Landscape architecture in India:

 S.P.A – New Delhi
 C.E.P.T – Ahmedabad
 S.A.P – Anna University, Chennai

Abroad:
 University of Pennsylvania, USA
University of Sheffield, UK
Florida State University, USA
M.I.T, USA
Fields of application of Landscape
architecture in diverse scales & Fields:

 Landscape Planning
Landscape Conservation
Landscape Reclamation
Urban Landscape
 Landscape site planning
Developmental Landscapes

Each field has a distinct and specific role to

play…
 LANDSCAPE CONSERVATION
An Introduction:

Evolution of a
settlement / city is a
form of human
expression.
The fabric of each
city/town/ cultural
landscape creates a
document which describes
the economic and social
history of its people.
A cultural landscape denotes a
landscape untouched by the human
influence other than the pure nature.

It includes

 Historical Landscape
 Landscapes evolved from patterns
of agriculture, forestry, etc…
Significant cultural landscapes, once
identified, become a subject to
study & learn from and hence
CONSERVATION…

With this knowledge, in our

endeavour for creating “Places” we
impart a spirit of personality, of
what it should be or might be, and
create Quality Environment
Another area of neglect has been the
Historical sites.

Most of our old state capitals were

planned with landscape & civic
amenities matching European
standards.

Eg. Hyderabad, Lucknow etc had a

valuable landscape heritage, largely
eroded……