AEP’s 765kV Transmission Line

Model Validation for Short

Circuit and System Studies

T. Yang, Z. Campbell, and Q. Qiu

American Electric Power
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Outline

• Introduction
• PSCAD 765kV Line Model Development and
Apparent Impedance Calculation
• Line Impedance Calculation through Fault Records
• Model Validation and Unbalanced Mutual Coupling
Impacts in Apparent Impedance
• LLG Apparent Impedance Calculation and Validation
• Conclusion
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Introduction

• Model Validation Requirements

• MOD-032, MOD-033, …
• AEP’s own benefits!
• AEP 765kV Line Model/Relay Setting Validation
• Unbalanced Mutual Coupling
• +/-/0 Network model is no longer valid
• Unique Type of Fault – Unique Relay Element
• Lack of LLG fault records to validate LLG App. Impe. …
• EMTP/EMTDC Type of Model & Fault Simulations
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Introduction
CT
PT

CT
PT
Tower Structure,
Length,
Direct Validation
Conductors, DFR Not Feasible
Transposition, …

DFR PSCAD Model Relay Setting Model

(Zab, Zbc, Zac
Fault Simulations:
Za, Zb, Zc, …)
Z
A-G, B-G, C-G
IS IL IR
AB-G, AC-G, BC-G
VS
Y/2 Y/2 VR
…

Indirect Validation
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PSCAD 765kV Line Model Development

• 765kV Overhead Line Model Infrastructure

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Apparent Impedance Calculation

Thevenin
Thevenin
Equivalent
Equivalent

Line Model SLG Fault

Phasors Phasors

IS Z IL IR

VS 0,1, 2  VR 0,1, 2
2 2
VS VR Z 0,1, 2 
I R 0,1, 2VS 0,1, 2  I S 0,1, 2VR 0,1, 2
Y/2 Y/2
Line Impedance Validation (LIV) 77

through Fault Records

External Fault

DFR DFR

DFT, Resample, Sequence Phasor Calculation, …

IS Z IL IR

Phasors VS
Y/2 Y/2 VR Phasors
VS 0,1,2 2  V R 0,1,2 2
Z 0,1,2 
I R 0,1,2VS 0,1,2  I S 0,1,2V R 0,1,2
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Model Validation

• Validation Process is just a Comparison

VS 0,1, 2  VR 0,1, 2 VS 0,1, 2  VR 0,1, 2
2 2 2 2

Z 0,1, 2  Z 0,1, 2 
I R 0,1, 2VS 0,1, 2  I S 0,1, 2VR 0,1, 2 I R 0,1, 2VS 0,1, 2  I S 0,1, 2VR 0,1, 2

• One AEP 765kV Line Parameters Comparison

• However, SLG fault type matters…

 Unbalanced Mutual Coupling 99

Impacts in Apparent Impedance

• Z+ derived from different SLG fault are different

Va   Ea   Z s Zm Z n  I a 
V    E    Z Zs Z m   I b 
 b  b  m
Vc   Ec   Z n Zm Z s   I c 


Z AG  Zs  aZ m  a 2 Z n

Z BG  Zs  aZ m  a 2 Z m

Z CG  Zs  aZ n  a 2 Z m
 Unbalanced Mutual Coupling 10 10

Impacts in Apparent Impedance

• PSCAD Simulation Results Statistics

•
   
Criteria:  X XG  ( X AG  X BG  X CG )/3
dev    
 X BG  X CG
XG
( X AG )/3
• Results:
 LLG Apparent Impedance
11 11

Calculation and Validation

• Line Relay Elements:
 LLG Apparent Impedance
12 12

Calculation and Validation

• All types of faults simulations

• Example: LLG Elements in ohm

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Conclusion

• Validated PSCAD (EMTP/EMTDC) Model for Fault

and System Studies
• Indirect Approach to Validate Relay Setting Model
with Fault Records
• In-depth Understanding of Unbalanced Mutual
Impacts in Sequence Network Apparent Impedance
• Future work includes Parallel Line Mutual Coupling
Model Validation and Studies