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Ch3-BioMolecules Biology
Ch3-BioMolecules Biology
Ch3-BioMolecules Biology
1. 6; ionic
2. 6; covalent
3. 4; ionic
4. 4; covalent
1 2 3 4
Atoms to Molecules
In our model of scale, remember that the marble
represented a small monomer, such as glucose.
Functional Groups
Functional groups
determine how a
molecule will
interact with other
molecules.
1. Polarity
2. Non-polarity
1 2
If you see oxygen or nitrogen in the structure of
an organic molecule, expect that area to be:
50% 50%
1. Polar
2. Non-polar
1 2
One glucose molecule alone
is a monomer.
Two or more
glucose
molecules linked
together can
make a polymer.
Dehydration Synthesis
Two glucose
molecules ...can bond together
(monomers)... to make maltose
(dimer).
Hydrolysis
Monomer or
Polymer?
In our model of scale, large chain molecules
(polymers) are represented by the cat.
Carbohydrates
Monomers
Simple sugars, such as
glucose, are the
monomers of complex
carbohydrates.
Hemp
Cotton
Rayon
Dietary
Linen “fiber”
What do you see in the structure of cellulose that tells
you that it is a carbohydrate?
Pectin
In general, how
can we describe
complex
carbohydrates?
White death?
Some people claim that sugar is harmful, toxic,
or addictive. Is it?
http://ed.ted.com/lessons/how-sugar-affects-the-brain-nicole-avena
Fake sugar?
Complex carbohydrates are:
1. Polymers of simple 50% 50%
sugars.
2. Monomers of
simple sugars.
1 2
True or false: Sugars and starch have a lot
of fat in them.
1. True 50% 50%
2. False
1 2
W
O
• Look around you. What are some R
specific examples of carbohydrates that K
are in this room right now?
T
• List some specific carbohydrates that O
G
you ate for breakfast. Not the foods that
E
they were in – name the carbohydrates T
themselves. H
E
R
Lipids
Label a methyl group and a hydroxyl group on one
of the fatty acids. What are some properties of
these groups?
What process
do you see
happening here
to create these
ester bonds
between the
fatty acid chains
and the glycerol
in this
triglyceride?
Lipids that are solid
at room temperature
are composed mostly
of saturated fatty
acids.
1 2 3
Why can’t you mix oil and water?
1. Oil floats on water.
93%
2. Oil is more dense
than water.
3. Oil is non-polar,
while water is
polar.
4. Oil is an organic
molecule, while
water is not. 7%
0% 0%
1 2 3 4
Which of these is the largest
object?
1. A carbon atom. 25% 25% 25% 25%
2. A fatty acid.
3. A phospholipid.
4. A cell membrane.
1 2 3 4
Proteins
Monomers
1 2
___ bonds are responsible for primary structure
of proteins, while ___ bonds contribute to the
secondary structure.
1. Ionic; covalent 42%
2. Peptide; hydrogen
3. Peptide; covalent
26%
4. Hydrogen; ionic
21%
12%
1 2 3 4
When we say “proteins are made of
amino acids,” it means that:
1. Proteins are larger
33% 33% 33%
than amino acids.
2. Amino acids are
larger than
proteins.
3. Both amino acids
and proteins are
about the same
size.
1 2 3
W
O
R
• List some examples of specific proteins K
– again, not foods that contain proteins,
T
but specific proteins.
O
G
• Why are there so many different kinds
E
of proteins? T
H
E
R
Nucleic Acids
Monomers
Label the parts
on this
nucleotide.
Is this a
nucleotide of
DNA or RNA?
How can you
tell?
Nucleotides link together to form nucleic acids. The
sugars bind to the phosphate groups to form the
backbone of the chain.
DNA is two strands of
nucleotides side-by-
side.
Adenosine
triphosphate, the
universal energy
carrier, is a single
nucleotide (adenine)
with two extra
phosphate groups
attached.
DNA is found inside of the
nucleus of a:
1. Cell
33% 33% 33%
2. Atom
3. Both
1 2 3
Try to fill in this table from memory:
Complex Starch,
Simple sugars
Carbohydrates Cellulose, etc.
Hemoglobin,
Amino acids Proteins
Keratin, etc.