DEFINING PRAGMATIC

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NPM : 15420058

Pragmatic 7B
INTRODUCTION
1.Origins
Pragmatic came from the word Greek words “Pragma” or “Pratein”
which means relating to a fact or reality, these words used to describe
the written sentence to a fact or something that really happens.
As the words order shows below
Prattein → Pragma→Pragmaticos→ (latin)Pragmatic
The word Pragmatic here taken straight from the latin word
“Pragmatic”
which means busy, interfering or conceited.
INTRODUCITON

2.Other meanings in language’s branchs

₡. Pragmatic’s actual meaning in English dictionaries

Pragmatic is an adjective word which means :

dealing with things sensibly and realistically in a way that is based on practical rather than
theoretical considerations.
For example :
"a pragmatic approach to politics"
synonyms: practical, matter-of-fact, sensible, down-to-earth, commonsensical, businesslike,
having both/one's feet on the ground, hardheaded, no-nonsense; informalhard-nosed
"she remains pragmatic in the most emotional circumstances"
INTRODUCTION

3. As field of study
• Pragmatics is a subfield of linguistics and semiotics that studies the ways in which
context contributes to meaning. Pragmatics encompasses speech act theory,
conversational implicature, talk in interaction and other approaches to language
behavior in philosophy, sociology, linguistics and anthropology.[1] Unlike
semantics, which examines meaning that is conventional or "coded" in a given
language, pragmatics studies how the transmission of meaning depends not only
on structural and linguistic knowledge (e.g., grammar, lexicon, etc.) of the speaker
and listener, but also on the context of the utterance,[2] any pre-existing
knowledge about those involved, the inferred intent of the speaker, and other
factors.[3] In this respect, pragmatics explains how language users are able to
overcome apparent ambiguity, since meaning relies on the manner, place, time,
etc. of an utterance
 PROBLEMS
•• What is Pragmatics?
•• What are the basic principles of Pragmatics?
•• What is its functions?
 THE DEFINITION OF PRAGMATICS

• . Mey (1994: 3) has suggested that Pragmatics is a science that has

something to do with language and its users.
• (Morris in Horn and Ward, 2007: xi) Pragmatics the relation of signs to
their users and interpreters.
• Yule (1996: 3) has cited that Pragmatics deals with the study of
meaning as communicated by a speaker or a writer and interpreted
by a listener or reader.
Definition by our Group

Pragmatic is an act to to understand, or knew what happened to the

reality or truths or something that actually happened based on the
sources words, sentences or utterance and many other sources which
can be dug to find the truths behind the source that being studied.
Local definitions of Pragmatic
• Subroto (1999: 1) menjelaskan bahwa pragmatik adalah semantik
maksud. Dalam banyak hal pragmatik sejajar dengan semantik,
karena keduanya mengkaji makna. Perbedaannya adalah pragmatik
mengkaji makna satuan lingual secara eksternal sedangkan semantik
mengkaji makna satuan lingual secara internal.
• Wijana (1996: 2) mengatakan bahwa semantik dan pragmatik adalah
cabang-cabang ilmu bahasa yang menelaah makna-makna satuan
lingual, hanya saja semantik mempelajari makna secara internal,
sedangkan pragmatik mempelajari makna secara eksternal.
THE BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PRAGMATICS
• There is nothing strange in the use of ‘principle’ as a concept in
linguistics as in many other branches of science
PART OF THE BASIC PRINCIPLES OF
PRAGMATICS
• The Cooperative Principles
• The Politeness Strategies
The Cooperative Principles

• The cooperative principle says ‘Make your conversational contribution

such as is required, at the stage at which it occurs, by the accepted
purpose or direction of the speech exchange in which you are
engaged.
Grice’s distinguished
• (1) Maxims of quantity
• a. Make your contribution as informative as is required (for the
current purposes of the exchange
• b. Do not make your contribution more informative than is
required.
• (2) Maxims of quality
• Supermaxims: Try to make your contribution one that is true.
• a. Do not say what you believe to be false
• b. Do not say that for which you lack adequate evidence
• (3) Maxims of Relevance
• Be relevant.
• (4) Maxims of manner
• Supermaxims : Be perspicuous (easily understood)
• a. Avoid obscurity of expression
• b. Avoid ambiguity
• c. Be brief (avoid unnecessary prolixity)
• d. Be orderly (Renkema, 1993)
The Politeness Strategies
• Much of what we say and a great of what we communicate is usually
determined by our relationships. A linguistic interaction is
necessarily a social interaction. In order to make sense what is said in
an interaction, we have to look at various factors that relate to social
distance and closeness
Some of these factors
• Social distance and status (age and power)
• Degrees of friendliness or formality (Yule, 1996).
Pragmatic Functions
• As field of study
To find out the truth behind sentence, word, or utterance.

• As an adjective word
Word replacement for :
-Practical
-Rational
-Sensible
-Realistical
Conclusion
• Pragmatics is the study of those context-dependent aspects of
meaning regardless of the construction of content or logical form. To
draw the meaning, we should take into consideration how speakers
come up to express what they want to say regarding who they are
talking to, where, when, and under what circumstances,

or in short Reality or the truth itself.

Sources
• https://dyrahadi.blogspot.com/2015/03/fundamentals-of-
pragmatics.html
• http://blog.unnes.ac.id/meinafebri/2016/04/12/pengertian-
pragmatik-dari-para-ahli/
• http://all-about-linguistics.group.shef.ac.uk/branches-of-
linguistics/pragmatics/what-is-pragmatics/
• https://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/british/pragmatic
THANK YOU