PROCUREMENT AND STORAGE

OF PULSES

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 Total area of pulses grown in India is 24 to 26 million hectares.

 Annual production of pulses in India is 17 to 19 million MTs.

 20% of world’s total production of pulses is in India.

 India accounts 1/3rd of the total world’s area of pulses production.

 India produces the following pulses primarily :

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English Name Botanical Name Hindi Name Telugu Name

1. Bengal Gram Cicier arietinum Channa శనగ

2. Red Gram Cajanus cajan Tur, Arhar కంది పప్పు
3. Black Gram Phaseolus aureus Urad మినుములు
4. Green Gram Vigna radiata Moong పెసర
5. Soya bean Glyscina max Bhat సోయా బీన్
6. Pea Pisam sativum Matar బఠానీ
7. Lentil Lens culinaris Masur ఎర్రా పప్పు
8. Beans Phaseolus vulgaris Rajma బీన్్
9. Horse Gram Dolichos biflours Kulti ఉలవలు
10.Cow Pea Vigna sinensis Chaula/Lobia bobbarlu
11. Lathirus Lathirus sativus Kesari dal కేసరి పప్పు

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 Demand and Supply Balance Sheet for Pulses for the last 4 years

Fig. in million tonnes

Total Pulses 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14

Production 18,240 17,090 18,340 19,770
Domestic Use 20,811 20,415 22,150 23,070
Imports 2,780 3,500 4,010 3,500

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Bengal Gram Cicier arietinum Channa శనగ

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Red Gram Cajanus cajan Tur, Arhar కంది పప్పు

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Black Gram Phaseolus aureus Urad
మినుములు

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Green Gram Vigna radiata Moong పెసర

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Soya bean Glyscina max Bhat సోయా బీన్

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Pea Pisam sativum Matar బఠానీ

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Lentil Lens culinaris Masur ఎర్రా పప్పు

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Beans Phaseolus vulgaris Rajma
బీన్్

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Horse Gram Dolichos biflours Kulti ఉలవలు

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Cow Pea Vigna sinensis Chaula/Lobia bobbarlu

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Lathirus Lathirus sativus Kesari dal కేసరి పప్పు

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 World wide pulses production
Country Production
India 25%
China 11%
Canada 9%
Brazil 6%
Myanmar 6%
Nigeria 5%
Australia 4%
France 4%
Mexico 4%
Turkey 3%
Others 18%

Major resources for importing the pulses is Canada

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 Area, Production and productivity of important pulses in India
2013-14
Crop
Area Production Yield
(in million hectares) (In million tonns) (In Kg per hac)
Bengal Gram 9.93 9.53 960
Red Gram 3.90 3.17 813
Black Gram 3.06 1.70 555
Green Gram 3.38 1.61 474
Lentil 1.50 1.25 839
Total 25.21 19.78 785

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Total consumption of pulses in the country 22 million MTs.

 Imports of pulses during 2013-14 is 3.50 million MTs.

Minimum Support Price:-

1. Soya bean Rs. 2,600 per quintal for FAQ

2. Moong dal Rs. 4,850* per quintal for FAQ
3. Tur dal Rs. 4,625* per quintal for FAQ
4. Urad dal Rs. 4,625* per quintal for FAQ

* Inclusive of bonus of Rs. 200/- per quintal over and above the MSP

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 Mandis in operation for purchases of Pulses in Telangana State:

1. Suryapet 6. Zaheerabad
2. Narayanpet 7. Adilabad
3. Kodangal 8. Bhainsa
4. Tandoor 9. Warangal
5. Vikarabad 10. Enumamula

 The information on Mandis n operation from Andhra Pradesh State is

yet to be received from State Agency.

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 Sampling methods
Sampling from Bags:-
Number of bags in
Number of bags to be sampled
consignment
Up to 10 Each bag
10 to 100 10, taken at random
Squre root (approx.) of total number, taken according
More than 100
to a suitable sampling scheme*

* for example
A consignment comprising 200 bags
The square root of 200 = 14,142 therefore n=14. Make up 14 groups of 14 bags (i.e. total
of 196 bags);
draw up a list from 1 to 14; cross out one number, for example 7. sample the 7th bag
from each group of 14 bags. the remaining group (i.e. 4) is smaller than 14 bags, so
sample one bag from this group at random. A total of 15 bags has therefore been
selected (Sample to be drawn from 03 increments i.e. Top, Middle and bottom of the bag

Sampling from Bulk:-

Up to 15 tons from five sampling points

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 Quantity of sample to be drawn from the offered consignment is 2 Kg. The
drawn sample should be reduced to about 500g by sample divider.
 Foreign matter should be determined from the above said 500g of sample
with the help of set of sieves with the round holes as stated below.
Top - 4.00mm
Second from top - 3.35 mm
Third from Top - 1.70 mm
Fourth from top - 1.00 mm
 A solid bottom pan without holes shall be used at the bottom.
 After separating the foreign matter the contents of other four sieves should
be mixed together and spread out evenly on a metal or glass surface.
 50g of sample to be scooped from the above said spread 500g from 9
points.

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 Uniform Specifications for Urad (Black Gram) for crop year 2015-16:
S.No Refractions Maximum Limit

2.0% by weight (of not more than 0.25% by weight

1 Foreign Matter shall be mineral matter and not more than 0.1% by
weight shall be impurities of animal origin
2 Admixture 3.0% by weight
3 Other Edible Grains 1.0% by weight
4 Damaged/Slightly Damaged 3.0% by weight
5 Broken Split Unhusked 3.0% by weight
6 Weevilled Pulses 3.0% by count
7 Moisture 12.0% by weight
8 Immature and Shrivelled 3.0% by weight
9 Uric Acid
As per FSSAI norms, at the time of sale of stock
10 Aflatoxin

The definitions for the refractions were decided as follows:-

a. Foreign matter include dust, stones, lumps of earth, chaff husks stem, straw or any other impurity
including non-edible seeds.
b. Admixture implies any pulse other than the principle pulse.
c. Damaged pulses are those that are internally/damaged or discolored to such an extent that
the damage or discoloration materially affects the quality of the pulses.
d. Slightly damaged pulses are those pulses that are superficially damaged or discolored such damage
or discoloration not materially affecting the quality of the pulses.
e. Immature, shrunken, shriveled and unripe pulses are those that are not properly developed.
f. Weevilled pulses are those that are partially or wholly bored or eaten by weevil or other grain insects.
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 Uniform Specifications for Tur (Pigeon pea) for crop year 2015-16:
S.No Refractions Maximum Limit
2.0% by weight (of not more than 0.25% by weight
1 Foreign Matter shall be mineral matter and not more than 0.1% by
weight shall be impurities of animal origin
2 Admixture 3.0% by weight
3 Other Edible Grains 1.0% by weight
Damaged/Slightly
4 3.0% by weight
Damaged
5 Broken Split Unhusked 3.0% by weight
6 Weevilled Pulses 3.0% by count
7 Moisture 12.0% by weight
8 Immature and Shrivelled 3.0% by weight
9 Uric Acid
As per FSSAI norms, at the time of sale of stock
10 Aflatoxin
The definitions for the refractions were decided as follows:-
a. Foreign matter include dust, stones, lumps of earth, chaff husks stem, straw or any other impurity
including non-edible seeds.
b. Admixture implies any pulse other than the principle pulse.
c. Damaged pulses are those that are internally/damaged or discolored to such an extent that
the damage or discoloration materially affects the quality of the pulses.
d. Slightly damaged pulses are those pulses that are superficially damaged or discolored
such damage or discoloration not materially affecting the quality of the pulses.
e. Immature, shrunken, shriveled and unripe pulses are those that are not properly developed.
f. Weevilled pulses are those that are partially or wholly bored or eaten by weevil or other grain insects.

Before acceptance of pulses ensure that the containers (i.e. gunnies) should be disinfested. 23
Storage of Pulses

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 Requirements for Safe and Scientific storage
For safe and scientific storage of pulses, the following requirements should be followed:
 I) Selection of site :- The storage structure should be located on a raised well drained site.
The site should be protected from humidity (moisture), excessive heat, insect, rodents
and bad weather conditions. It should be easily accessible.
 II)Selection of storage :- The storage structure should be selected according to structure
quantity to be stored. Sufficient space should be provided between two stacks for
proper aeration.
 III)Cleaning and fumigation :- Storage structure should be properly cleaned and there
should be no left over of grains, cracks, holes and crevices in structure. The structure
should be fumigated before storage.
 IV)Drying and Cleaning :- Pulses should be properly dried and cleaned to avoid quality
deterioration before storage.
 V)Cleaning of bags :- Only new and dry gunny bags should be used. Disinfested old
gunny bags can also be used by boiling it in 1 percent Malathion solution for 4-5
minutes and then dried in the sun.
 VI)Separate storage of old and new stocks :- To check infestation and to maintain
hygienic condition, the new and old stocks should be stored separately.
 VII)Use of dunnage : Bags of pulses should be kept on wooden crates or bamboo mats
along with a cover of polythene sheet to avoid absorption of moisture from the floor.
 VIII)Proper aeration : There should be proper aeration during clean weather condition.
Aeration in rainy season should be avoided.
 IX)Cleaning of vehicles : The vehicles used for transportation of grains should be cleaned
 by disinfectant to avoid infestation.
 X) Regular inspection : To maintain proper health and hygiene of stocks, regular
inspection of stored pulses is essential at fortnightly interval. 25
 Acceptable moisture content for safe storage is <12% for both
whole and split pulses.

 Stack height for split pulses – 16 bags height.

 Stack height for whole pulses – 12 bags height.

 Periodic prophylactic and Curative treatments to be given.

 Fortnightly technical inspection of stocks to be undertaken.

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 Before taking the stocks inside the godown, the godown must be fumigated
by Aluminum phosphate or treating with prepared DDVP solution (5 to 10 ml
for 1 litre) to make the empty godown pest free for safe storage of pulses.
 Other insecticides like Malathion, Choloropyriphos, Mithyl parathion or
Cypermethrin with the dilution of 10 to 50 ml per 1 litre can be used to kill
the hidden infestation in the cracks and crevices of the godown.
 Soon after stacking of the stocks One kg sample should be drawn in zig zag
method from the four sides of the stack for classification and categorization.

Classification
1. No insects - Clear
2. One to Two insects - Few
3. More than two insects - Heavy

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Major pests in Pulses :-

1. Pulse Beetle Callosobruchus maculatus

2. Dried bean weevil Acanthoscelidus obtectus

3. Confused floor beetle Tribolium confusum

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 Categorization of Pulses :-

Whole Pulse:-
 Categorized based on discolored/damaged and weevilled
grains.
 Category determined by count method.

S.No. Cagegory Percent by Count

1 A Up to 1%
2 B Above 1 & up to 2%
3 C Above 2 & up to 5%
4 D Above 5 & up to 20%

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Split Pulses:-

 Categorized based on discolored/damaged and weevilled grains.

 Category determined by volumetric method (20cc).

S.No. Cagegory Percent by Count

1 A Up to 2%
2 B Above 2 & up to 4%
3 C Above 4 & up to 6%
4 D Above 6 & up to 10%

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Common Insecticides and their usage:-

Insecticide Dosage Frequency

Malathion 50%EC 1:100 @ 3lit/100m2 Fortnightly
Primiphosmethyl 50% EC 1:100 @ 3lit/100m2 60 days

Pyrethrum with 2%
1:100 @ 3lit/100m2 60 days
pyrethrin

Deltamethrin 2.5%WP 40 g/liter@ 3lit/100m2 60-90 days

DDVP 76% EC 1:150 @ 3lit/100m2 as required

Once in a
Aluminium phosphide 9gm/MT
quarter

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Thank You

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