UNIT 5 - ALTERNATE FUELS

 Alternative fuels, known as non-

conventional and advanced fuels, are any
materials or substances that can be used
as fuels, other than conventional fuels like;
fossil fuels (petroleum oil, coal), as well as
nuclear materials such as uranium and
thorium, as well as artificial radioisotope
fuels that are made in nuclear reactors.
Examples
 Natural Gas
 LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas)
 Biodiesel
 Alcohol
 Hydrogen
 Properties of Alternate Fuels
1. Energy density – Energy stored per unit volume
2. Volatility – Ability to vapourize in different temp.
3. Octane number - Tendency to Knock
4. Cetane number – Combustion &Ignition characteristics
5. Heat of vapourization – heat absorbed during vapourization
6. Flame speed – speed at which flame propagates
7. Flame temperature & luminosity -
8. Auto-ignition temperature
9. Flash point – lowest temp @ which combustible mixtures
form
10. Flammability – temp @ which mixture ignites