NAIL

STRUCTURE
 NAIL
•It is a horny, translucent plate that protects the
tips of the fingers and toes.
•The nail is whitish and translucent in
appearance and allow the pinkish clolour of the
nail bed to be seen.
•It is composed mainly of keratin.
 KERATIN
A protein substance that forms the base of
all horny tissue.
 ONYX
It is the technical term for the nail.
ONYCHOLOGY
Study of the nail.
CHARACTERISTICS OF HEALTHY NAILS
• Firm and flexible
•Slightly pink in color
•Surface is smooth
•Curved and unspotted
•Without any hollows or wavy ridges
THREE PARTS OF THE NAIL
• NAIL BODY or NAIL PLATE – visible portion of the
nail that is attached to the nail bed.
• FREE EDGE – end portion of the nail plate which
extends beyond the fingertip.
• NAIL ROOT – beginning of nail found at the base and
is embedded underneath the skin.
 STRUCTURES BENEATH THE NAIL
• NAIL BED – the skin upon which the nail body or nail
plate rests. It is supplied with many blood vessels and
nerves.
• MATRIX – part of the nail bed which contains nerves
and blood vessels and is located beneath the nail
root.
• LUNULA – halfmoon shape found at the base of the
nail where the matrix connects with the nail bed.
STRUCTURES SURROUNDING THE NAIL
• CUTICLE – the overlapping skin around the nail.
• EPONYCHIUM – cuticle extension at the base
of the nail body which partly overlaps the
lunula.
• HYPONYCHIUM – portion of the skin under the
free edge of the nail.
STRUCTURES SURROUNDING THE NAIL
• NAIL WALLS – folds of the skin overlapping the
sides of the nail.
• NAIL GROOVES – are slits or tracks in the skin
at the side of the nail upon which the nail
moves as it grows.
• MANTLE – deep fold of the skin in which the
nail root is embedded.
 NAIL GROWTH
• A nail grows forward, starting at the matrix and extending
over the tip of the finger.
• Nails grow faster in warm weather.
• Adult’s nail growth is about 1/8 inch per month.
•Nails of the children grow faster than those of the elderly.
• Toenails grow slowly but they are thicker and harder than
fingernails.
 NAIL
DISEASES AND
DISORDERS
 ONYCHOSIS
Refers to any diseases, disorder
or condition of the nails.
 PUS
It is the yellowish fluid that oozes from the
wound.
 FUNGI
Plant organisms that live on dead,
decaying or living matter.
CONTAGIOUS/COMMUNICABLE
A disease that spreads from one person to another
by direct or indirect contact.

EXAMPLE: Tuberculosis
Common cold
Head lice
Ringworm
 NON-CONTAGIOUS
Diseases that are not be able to be spread from
person to person.

EXAMPLE: Cancer
Mental disorders
Heart disease
 NAIL DISORDERS
Condition caused by injury to the
nails, diseases or imbalances in the
body.
NAME OF NAIL DESCRIPTION TREATMENT/PR PICTURES
DISORDERS EVENTION
Bluish Nails Appear blue in It is
color which recommended to
reveals the body is see a physician
not getting but can also be
enough oxygen. given manicure
This also indicates with care and light
infection in the pressure.
lungs. Some heart
problems can also
be associated with
bluish nails.
NAME OF NAIL DESCRIPTION TREATMENT/PR PICTURES
DISORDERS EVENTION
Bruised Nails The result of This can be
trauma to the treated by not
nail. This causes applying
injury to the pressure on the
nail, blood nail plate.
becomes
trapped under
the nail. There
is discoloration
under the nail.
NAME OF NAIL DESCRIPTION TREATMENT/PR PICTURES
DISORDERS EVENTION
Corrugations Wavy ridges It is
caused by recommend
uneven ed to buff
growth of the nails
the nails. carefully to
help remove
or minimize
ridges.
NAME OF NAIL DESCRIPTION TREATMENT/P PICTURES
DISORDERS REVENTION
Hangnails Split cuticles; This may be
loose skin trimmed
separates from with cuticle
the cuticle by nippers,
dry cuticle and moisturize
environmental. and apply
cuticle oil.
NAME OF NAIL DESCRIPTION TREATMENT/PR PICTURES
DISORDERS EVENTION
Koilonychias Nails with It is
or Spoon Nails concave shape recommended
usually caused to file nails
through iron carefully with
deficiency no pressure and
anemia. These use nail polish
nails show to harden and
raised ridges protect nail.
and are thin
and concave.
NAME OF NAIL DESCRIPTION TREATMENT/PR PICTURES
DISORDERS EVENTION
Leuconychia A condition in The white spots
which white on the
spots appear on fingernail will
the nails but do gradually
not indicate diminish if you
disease and as start taking zinc
the nails grow, in daily food.
these white
spots eventually
disappear.
NAME OF NAIL DESCRIPTION TREATMENT/PR PICTURES
DISORDERS EVENTION
Onychorrhexis Caused by It is
or Split/Brittle injury to the recommended
Nails finger, improper to soften nails
filing or before
exposure to trimming and
harsh use daily
chemicals. Dry, moisturizers or
brittle nails have oil
have revealed manicures.
thyroid disease.
NAME OF NAIL DESCRIPTION TREATMENT/PR PICTURES
DISORDERS EVENTION
Onychauxis An overgrowth File the nail
of the nail, smooth and
usually in buff with
thickness rather pumice powder.
than length
caused by a
local infection
and can also be
hereditary.
NAME OF NAIL DESCRIPTION TREATMENT/PR PICTURES
DISORDERS EVENTION
Onychatrophia An atrophy or File the nail
wasting away of smooth with the
the nail plate fine side of the
which causes it to emery board.
lose its luster,
become smaller
and sometimes
shed entirely.
Injury or disease
may account for
this irregularity.
NAME OF NAIL DESCRIPTION TREATMENT/PR PICTURES
DISORDERS EVENTION
Onychophagy Caused by It is
or Bitten Nails nervous habit recommended
and stress that the client
related. This receives
has also been frequent
linked to manicure.
Obsessive-
Compulsive
Disorder.
NAME OF NAIL DESCRIPTION TREATMENT/PR PICTURES
DISORDERS EVENTION
Pterygium The inward Never attempt
advance of skin to remove
over the nail pterygium,
plate. This instead, consult
results in the a physician for
loss of the nail advice and
plate due to the treatment.
development of
scar tissue.
 NAIL DISEASES
Problems of nails from fungal and
bacterial infections to other causes
of nail abnormalities.
NAME OF NAIL DESCRIPTION TREATMENT/PR PICTURES
DISEASES EVENTION
Onychia An inflammation Always keep the
of the nail matrix nails clean and
accompanied by use properly
pus formation sanitized
caused by implements.
improperly
sanitized nail
implements and
bacterial
infection.
 NAME OF NAIL DESCRIPTION TREATMENT/P PICTURES
DISEASES REVENTION
Onychocryptosis In this It is
or Ingrown Nails condition, recommende
the nail d to cut the
grows into nails
the sides of properly and
the flesh and wear
may cause comfortable
infection. shoes that fit
perfectly.
NAME OF NAIL DESCRIPTION TREATMENT/PR PICTURES
DISORDERS EVENTION
Onychogryposis A condition in Apply a
which the nail moisturizing
curvature is cream on the
increased and nails every
enlarged; the time you
nail becomes wash your
thicker and hands or feet.
curves.
NAME OF NAIL DESCRIPTION TREATMENT/PR PICTURES
DISORDERS EVENTION
Onycholysis A loosening of It is
the nail recommended
caused by to keep the
internal nails short and
disorder, avoid nail
infection or polish.
drug
treatment.
NAME OF NAIL DESCRIPTION TREATMENT/PR PICTURES
DISORDERS EVENTION
Onychomycosis An infectious It is advisable to
disease caused keep the nails dry
by fungus which and clean, use an
commonly antifungal foot
appears in spray or powder
whitish patches and avoid cutting
that can be the skin around
scraped off from the toenails.
the patches.
NAME OF NAIL DESCRIPTION TREATMENT/PR PICTURES
DISORDERS EVENTION
Onychoptosis A shedding of Always wear
one or more properly fitted
nails, either in footwear that
whole or in offer your
part. toes lots of
space and dry
nails
thoroughly.
NAME OF NAIL DESCRIPTION TREATMENT/PR PICTURES
DISORDERS EVENTION
Paronychia An Always keep
inflammation your hands
of the skin and feet dry
around the and clean.
nail caused
by bacteria.