Natural and Artificial Methods of

Contraception
 NATURAL METHODS
The natural family planning methods do
not involve any chemical or foreign body
introduction into the human body.
People who are very conscious of their
religious beliefs are more inclined to use the
natural way of birth control.
Others follow such natural methods
because the are more cost effective.
Involves refraining from sexual
intercourse.
0% fail rate.
Most effective way to avoid
STIs (Sexually Transmitted
Infection)
 Also called as the rhythm method.
 The woman is likely to conceive 3 or 4
days before and after ovulation.
 The woman needs to record her
menstrual cycle for six months in order
to calculate the woman’s safe days to
prevent conception.
The woman must record her temperature
every morning before any activity.
Just before the day of ovulation, a women’s
basal body temperature (BBT) falls about
0.5 F.
At time of ovulation, her BBT rises a full
degree because of influence of
progesterone.
Change in the cervical mucus during
ovulation is the basis for this method.
The woman is fertile if the cervical mucus
is copious, thin, and watery.
It also exhibits the property of spinnbarkeit.
She must avoid coitus during these days to
prevent conception.
 Combination of the BBT
method and Cervical
Mucus Method.
 The woman records her
temperature every
morning and also takes
note of changes in her
cervical mucus.
Ovulation Uses an over-the-counter
Detection kit that requires urine
sample of woman.
The kit can predict
ovulation through the
surge of luteinizing
hormone (LH) that
happens 12 to 12 hours
before ovulation.
 Coitus Interruptus
One of the oldest known
methods of
contraception.
The man withdraws the
moment he ejaculates to
emit the spermatozoa
outside of female
reproductive organ.
 ARTIFICIAL METHODS
 Artificial birth control can
be defined as any product,
procedure or practice that
uses artificial or unnatural
means to prevent
pregnancy.
Oral Contraceptives

 Also known as the pill.

 Contains synthetic estrogen and
progesterone.
 Estrogen suppresses the Follicle
Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and
LH to prevent ovulation.
 Transdermal Patch
 Contains both estrogen and
progesterone.
 The woman should apply one patch
every week for 3 weeks.
 At the 4th week, no patch is applied
because the menstrual flow would
then occur.
 Vaginal Ring
 Inserted into the female
reproductive organ and remains
there for 3 weeks and then remove
on the 4th week, as menstrual flow
would occur.
 The woman becomes fertile as
soon as the ring is removed.
Subdermal Implants
 Two rod-like implants inserted
under the skin of the female during
her menses or on the 7th day of her
menstruation to make sure that
she will not get pregnant.
 It can be helpful for 3 to 5 years.
Hormonal Injections
 Usually given once every 12 weeks
intramuscularly.
Intrauterine Device
 IUD is a small, T-shaped object that is
inserted into the uterus via the
female reproductive organ.
 Fitted only by the Physician after the
woman’s menstrual flow.
 The device can be effective for 5 to 7
years.
Chemical Barriers
-Ex. Spermicides, vaginal gels and
creams, and glycerin films.
Used to caused the death of the
sperms before they enter the cervix.
These chemical barriers cannot
prevent sexually transmitted
infections.
 DIAPHRAGM
 Circular, rubber disk that fits the cervix.
 Should be placed before coitus.
 Works better when used together with
spermicide.
 It should be fitted only by the
physician.
 Should remain in place for 6 hours after
coitus.
 Cervical Cap
 The cervical cap is made of soft
rubber and fitted on the rim of
the cervix.
 It shaped like a thimble with a
thin rim.
 Could stay in place for 48 hours.
 Male Condoms
 Is a latex or synthetic rubber sheath
that is placed on the erect male
reproductive organ before penetration
into the female reproductive organ to
trap the sperm during ejaculation.
 It can prevent STIs and can be bought
over-the-counter.
Female Condoms
 Made of latex rubber sheaths
that are pre-lubricated with
spermicide.
 Usually bound by two rings.
 It is used to prevent fertilization
of the egg by the sperm cells.
 Surgical
Methods

TUBAL
VASECTOMY
LIGATION
 VASECTOMY
Small incision is made on each
side of the scrotum.

The vas deferens is then tied,

cauterized, cut, or plugged to block
the passage of the sperm.
 TUBAL LIGATION
 Is performed after menstruation and
before ovulation.
 The procedure is done through a small
incision under the woman’s umbilicus
that targets the fallopian tube for
cutting, cauterizing, or blocking to
inhibit the passage of both the sperm
and the ova.