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Werner Theory
Werner Theory
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The important postulates of Werner’s theory are
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Metal atom works towards satisfying both its primary and
secondary valencies.
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Ligands have unshared pair of electrons. The unshared pair of
electrons are donated to central metal ion or atom in
compounds and such compounds are called complex
compounds.
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Primary valencies are non-directional in nature.
Secondary valencies are directional in nature.
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Werner theory is responsible for the formation of various
cobalt amines .
1- [Co(NH3)6]Cl3 :
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Explanation of structure of [Co(NH3)6]Cl3 :
Primary valency or Oxidation No. = 3
Secondary valency or Coordination No. =6
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2- Structure of [CoCl(NH3)5]Cl2
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Structures of [CoCl2(NH3)4]Cl and [CoCl3(NH3)3]
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Examples
1. [CO(NH3)6] Cl3
x+6(0)=+3
x=+3
So, the oxidation no. of Co is +3.
2. K[AuCl4]
K(+1)Au(x)Cl4(-1)=0
1+x+4(-1)=0
x+(-3)=0
x=+3
So, the oxidation no. of Au is +3.
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Examples
3. [Co(NH3)6]Cl3 :
x+(0)6+3(-1)=0
x-3=0
x=+3
So, the oxidation no. of Co is +3.
4. [Fe(CN)6]3−
x+6(-1)= -3
x=-3+6
x=+3
So, the Oxidation no. of Fe is +3.
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Examples
5. K3[Cu(CN)4]
(+3)+x+4(-1)=0
+3+x-4=0
x-1=0
x=+1
So, the oxidation no. of Cu is +1.
6. [Ni[CO)4]
x+4(0)=0
x=0
SO, the oxidation no. of Ni is 0.
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Werner also turned his attention towards the geometrical
arrangements of the coordinated groups around the central ion
and was successful in explaining the geometrical isomerism of
these compounds.
When coordination no. is 4 of central metal atom there are two
possible structure
Tetrahedral
Square planar
When coordination no. is 6 of central metal atom there are
three possible structure
Planar ( 3 possible isomers)
Trigonal prism (3 possible isomers)
Octahedral ( 2 possible isomers)
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Example
[PtCl2(NH3)2]
In this complex the coordination no. of metal is 4, Werner
found that it existed in two isomeric forms, cis and trans. This
shows that all the four ligands lie in the same plane. Therefore
the structure should be square planar or tetrahedral.
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These are the following defects of Werner’s theory
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