TECHNOLOGY AND THE

EVOLUTION OF HUMAN
SOCIETY
CHAPTER VIII

PREPARED BY: H.R. D. CRUZ

OBJECTIVES
• Describe how human society evolved through time
• Classify the various technologies
• Explain how technology is passed on from individual
to individual
• Explain how science and technology serve as keys in
economic development of the country
EVOLUTION OF HUMAN
SOCIETY
a. Hunter and gatherers society
-Dependent on the resources available
in nature
-Tools- stones, wood, bone, and ivory
 EVOLUTION OF HUMAN
SOCIETY
b. Shifters and farmers
- after they learned how to tame animals
and grow crops
- beginning of an agricultural society
- process of mining
 EVOLUTION OF HUMAN
SOCIETY
c. Manufacturing stage
- people discovered coal, gas, and oil
used in cooking.
- door to industrialization
 EVOLUTION OF HUMAN
SOCIETY
d. Future man-made world
- where technologies are used for
producing synthetic food and for recycling
resources to satisfy the increasing human
needs
CLASSIFICATION OF SOCIETY
• Alvin Toffler – classified societies based on the concept of waves where each wave
propels the older societies and cultures aside. Book: “Third Wave”

1. FIRST WAVE SOCIETY

- replaced hunters-gatherers after agrarian
revolution
- small scale technologies which came to
existence through trial and error.
CLASSIFICATION OF SOCIETY
2. SECOND WAVE SOCIETY
- Period of industrial revolution until the end of World
war II
- mass production, mass consumption, mass distribution
and weapons of mass destruction
- foundations from Newton’s physics, biology, and
chemistry
CLASSIFICATION OF SOCIETY
3. THIRD WAVE SOCIETY
- post-industrialized society after World War II
- people used modern technologies (computers,
robotics and the like)
-scientific-technological evolution
CLASSIFICATION OF TECHNOLOGY
ACCORDING TO PROCESS
• ENERGY TECHNOLOGY
- Involves processes that could create or
generate, convert and distribute energy
- Main purpose: yield high efficiency without
causing negative effects
- Examples: OIL, COAL, WIND WATER,
GEOTHERMAL, HYDROELECTRIC, NUCLEAR
FUSION, AND SOLAR ENERGY
• EQUIPMENT TECHNOLOGY
- Designs, fabrication and invention of instruments,
tools, gadgets, and machines.

- Examples: MOTOR, ENGINES, PLOW, MILLS,

SPINNING WHEELS, ROBOTS, FERMENTERS,
LASER, AND COMPUTER-CONTROLLED
MACHINES
• Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
(rTMS) treatment for Alzheimer’s in Canada.
• INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
- Tools and gadgets
- Computer systems and their application to
manage, process, and distribute information

- Examples: TYPEWRITER, BOOKS,

NEWSPAPER, TELEVISION, TELEPHONE,
CELLPHONE, RADIO, PRINTER, and LASER
• LIFE TECHNOLOGY
- To make technological advancements
- For preservation, maintenance, treatment,
reproduction of living things

- Examples: ANIMAL BREEDING, HERBAL MEDICINE,

SURGERY, VACCINE, ANTIBIOTICS, ARTIFICIAL
AND ORGAN TRANSPLANT, GENETIC
ENGINEERING
• MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY
-Extraction, fabrication, and synthesis of
materials for the benefit of mankind

-Examples: STEEL, PLASTICS, BRASS,

IRON, COPPER, CERAMICS,
ALUMINUMS, POLYMERS, SYNTHETICS
• TECHNOLOGIES KEEP ON CHANGING
THROUGH:
A. SUBSTITUTION
- Happens when technologies which may
have been used for a long period of time are
replaced by the new and better version
• TECHNOLOGIES KEEP ON CHANGING
THROUGH:
B. DIFFUSION
- Happens when technologies are being
adopted by individuals even after innovations
come.
NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT THRU S&T
• TRANSPORTATION
• COMMUNICATION
• MEDICINE
• INFRASTRUCTURE
• ELECTRICITY
• INDUSTRY
 NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
INDICATORS
1.Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
- measures either the income or
the expenditures within the country.
- money spent by consumers
buying goods
- business establishments
- government investments
Gross national product in Philippines increased to 2728917 php million in the second
quarter of 2018 from 2694630 php million in the first quarter of 2018. Gross
national product in Philippines averaged 1618955.91 php million from 1998 until
2018, reaching an all time high of 2728917 php million in the second quarter of
2018 and a record low of 944320 php million in the second quarter of 1998.
2. Per capita income
- average income earned by a person in a
particular city, region, or country.
- dividing the country’s national income by
its population
The gross domestic product per capita in
Philippines was last recorded at 2891.36 US
dollars in 2017. The GDP per capita in
Philippines is equivalent to 23 percent of the
world's average. GDP per capita in Philippines
averaged 1627.98 USD from 1960 until 2017,
reaching an all time high of 2891.36 USD in
2017 and a record low of 1059.30 USD in
1960.
3. Income distribution
- measure of how the total gross domestic
product of the country is equally distributed
among its members/people.
- distribution of rich and poor.
 FIVE CHOICES: EXPLAINED

• Type 1: “A small number of elite or rich people at the top, very few in
the middle, and the great mass of people at the bottom.”
• Type 2: “A society like a pyramid, with a small elite at the top, more
people in the middle, and most at the bottom.”
• Type 3: “A pyramid except that just a few people are at the bottom.”
• Type 4: “A society with most people in the middle.”
• Type 5: “Many people near the top, and only a few near the bottom.”
RESULTS!
• SWS results shows that most Filipinos believe Type 2
(“A society like a pyramid, with a small elite at the top,
more people in the middle, and most at the bottom.”)
best describes the current state of Philippine society.
• As for the ideal state of the country’s income class
structure, most Filipinos say it should be Type 4:
“A society with most people in the middle.”
5. Percentage of employment
- measure at which all the available labor
resources are being utilized.
- computed as the ratio of the employed to
the working age population
Above 70% -high ratio
Below 50 % - low ratio
6. Structure of Labor Force
- sum total of all the men and women who are
able to work, be employed or unemployed.
7. Human Life expectancy
- average number of years an individual or a
group of people could be expected to live.
- person’s life span from birth
LIFE EXPECTANCY IN THE PHILIPPINES

•According to the latest WHO data published

in 2018 life expectancy in Philippines is: Male
66.2, female 72.6 and total life expectancy is
69.3 which gives Philippines a World Life
Expectancy ranking of 123.
7. Percentage of urban population
- percentage of people living in urbanized
area not depending upon agricultural products
and other government services.