Indian Power Sector- Clean

Coal Technologies

V.S. VERMA
MEMBER , CERC

1
 Highlights of Power Sector
• Installed Capacity – from 1362 MW in 1947 at the time of
Independence to 1,82,689 MW on 31/10/11

• Gross Electricity Generation – from 4073 MU in 1947 to

789,013 MU ON 31/3/11

• Per capita consumption- from 16.3 Units in ’47 to 813.5 Units

in 2010-11

• All India PLF of thermal stations – from 52.4 % in 1985-86 to

76.8% in 2010-11

2
INSTALLED CAPACITY AS ON 31.10.2011

RES Nuclear
4780 MW Hydro
20162 MW 38706 MW
11% 2%
Diesel 21%
1200 MW
Gas 1%
17742 MW
10%

Coal
100098 MW
55%

Installed Capacity = 1,82,689 MW

3
 IC in MW

20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
180000
200000

0
31.12.47 1362

31.12.50 1713

31.3.56 2813

31.3.61 5063

31.3.66 9583

31.3.69 13703

31.3.74 18282

31.3.79 28484

Years
31.3.80 30283

31.3.85 42710

31.3.90 64112

31.3.92 69915

31.3.97 86337
GROWTH OF INSTALLED CAPACITY

31.3.02 105456

31.3.07 132329
4

31.3.11 182689
 GWh

100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000
800000
900000

0
31.12.47 4073

31.12.50 5106

31.3.56 9662

31.3.61 16937

31.3.66 32990

31.3.69 47434

31.3.74 66689

31.3.79 102523

31.3.80 104627

Years
31.3.85 156859

31.3.90 245438

31.3.92 287029

31.3.97 395889

31.3.02 517439

31.3.07 624495
GROWTH OF ELECTRICITY GENERATION IN INDIA

31.3.11 789013
GROWTH OF PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION

6
ALL INDIA PLANT LOAD FACTOR OF COAL BASED
POWER PLANTS (%)

7
 Actual Power Supply Position

Peak Peak Energy Energy Energy Energy

Peak Peak
Deficit/ Deficit/ Requi- Avail- Deficit/ Deficit/
Period Demand Met
Surplus Surplus rment ability Surplus Surplus
(MW) (MW)
(MW) (%) (MU) (MU) (MU) (%)

2007-08 108866 90793 -18073 -16.6 739343 666007 -73336 -9.9

2008-09 109809 96785 -13024 -11.9 777039 691038 -86001 -11.1

2009-10 119,166 104,009 -15,157 -12.7 830,594 746,644 -83,950 -10.1

2010-11 122,287 110,256 -12,031 -9.8 861,591 788,355 -73,236 -8.5

8
 Power Supply Position ( April2011-Oct 2011)
Peak Peak Energy Energy
Surplus/Deficit Surplus/Deficit
Demand Met Requirement Availability

(MW) (MW) (MW) % (MU) (MU) (MU) %

Northern 40248 37117 -3131 -7.8 164922 155486 -9436 -5.7

Western 42042 36007 -6035 -14.4 156328 142314 -14014 -9.0

Madhya
Pradesh 9150 7842 -1308 -14.3 22885 20394 -2491 -10.9

Southern 33937 31489 -2448 -7.2 147438 138887 -8551 -5.8

Eastern 14505 13971 -534 -3.7 57944 55509 -2435 -4.2

N-Eastern 1920 1782 -138 -7.2 6700 6069 -631 -9.4

All India 128907 114233 -14674 -11.4 533332 498265 -35067 -6.6
9
 CAPACITY ADDITION DURING 11TH PLAN
(2007-2012)
(in MW)

Capacity addition target during 11th Plan 78,700

Capacity addition likely as per Mid Term 62,374

Assessment
Capacity addition likely as per latest assessment 52,895

Capacity Commissioned during 11th Plan (as on 44,548

15.11.2011)
(Hydro- 5260 MW, Thermal-38,408 MW, Nuclear – 880 MW)
(Private Sector -17,428 MW, State Sector- 14,510 MW, Central Sector-
12,610 MW)

10
Projects under construction in Madhya
Pradesh -Thermal
THERMAL

Vindhyachal TPP-IV U
1 MP NTPC C 1000
11,12
2 Satpura TPP Ext U-10,11 MP MPPGCL S 500
Shree Singati (Malwa)
3 MP MPGENCO S 1200
TPP U 1,2
Bina Power Supply Company Ltd.,
4 Bina TPP U-1,2 MP P 500
Jaypee Group
5 Anoppur TPP -I U 1,2 MP MB Power ( M P) Ltd. P 1200
6 Sasan UMPP MP Reliance Power Ltd. P 3960
7 Nigri TPP U 1,2 MP JP Power Ventures Ltd. P 1320
8 Mahan TPP U 1,2 MP Essar Power MP Ltd. P 1200
9 DB POWER U1,2 MP DB POWER 1320
TOTAL (THERMAL) 12200

11
CAPACITY ADDITION -12TH PLAN (2012-2017)

• Report of Working Group on Power for 12th Plan

expected shortly. Likely requirement of capacity
addition during 12th Plan - about 80,000 MW. ( RES –
18,500 MW; 55% Capacity - Private Sector; 40% - coal
based supercritical technology
• Target of energy saving through DSM and Energy
Efficiency measures about 60 BU at busbar, avoided
peaking capacity about 12,000 MW.

12
 Major Unit Sizes and Steam parameters
Size Steam Parameter Efficiency Year

MW ata/C/C (%)

30-50 60/ 482 ~31 1950

60-100 90/ 535 32-33 1960
110 to150 130/ 535/535 35-36 1970
200/210 130,150/535/535 36.3,37.8 1977
250 150/535/535 38.3 1995
500 170/ 538/538 38.5 1984
500 170/535/565 38.7 2010
660 247/535/565 ~39.5 2010
660/800 247/565/593 40.5

Efficiency on HHV basis 13

 High Efficiency .. Indian Conditions
• High CW temperature 33 -36 deg C
• High Ambient temperature
• Poor Coal Quality
– High Ash
– Slow burning
– Abrasive
• High Heat Rate (Low Efficiency) & High Aux
Power
• Estimated impact - ~ 2-4 percentage points
Efficiency Computations made on Gross Generation and GCV of Coal
14
Supercritical Unit Sizes
Unit Size Parameters Design
(MW) Efficiency
* Gross on HHV
660 247kg/cm2 538/565 O C 39.5 %
247kg/cm2 565/593 O C 40.5 %
800 247kg/cm2 565/593 O C 40.5 %

15
Supercritical Technology
• First Supercritical unit of 660 MW
Commissioned in Dec-2010
• 4 Units with total capacity 2640 MW
operating
• ~ 4000 MW supercritical capacity to be
operational in 11th Plan (March -2012)
• Supercritical to constitute ~40% coal fired
capacity addition in 12th Plan (2012-17)
• 100% coal fired capacity addition in 13th Plan
and beyond to be supercritical 16
Ultra supercritical (USC) technology

− International Experience ~ 280 bars 600 deg C.

− Experience limited mainly in Japan, Europe and
few countries
− International Developments under watch
− Higher Steam Parameters Contemplated Based On
Feed Back Of Operating Supercritical Units

17
LIST OF SUPERCRITICAL PROJECTS
COMMISSIONED DURING 11TH PLAN

BENEFI
TS
Sl. DEVELOPE 11TH
PLANT NAME STATE
No. R PLAN
(2007-
12)
ADANI
1 MUNDRA TPP PH-II U 1,2 GUJARAT 1320
POWER
ADANI
2 MUNDRA TPP PH-III U 1 GUJARAT 660
POWER
CHATTISG
3 SIPAT-I U1 NTPC 660
ARH
TOTAL (COMMISSIONED) TILL
2640
15.11.2011

18
LIST OF SUPERCRITICAL PROJECTS UNDER
EXECUTION FOR LIKELY BENEFITS DURING 11TH
PLAN
LIKELY
Sl.N BENEFIT
o PLANT NAME STATE DEVELOPER S 11TH
. PLAN
(2007-12)
ULTRA MEGA MUNDRA
1 GUJARAT TATA POWER 800
U1

2 TIRODA TPP PH-I, U1 MAHARASHTRA ADANI POWER 660

3 SIPAT-I U2 CHATTISGARH NTPC 660

4 Jhajjar TPP U1 HARYANA CLP POWER 660

TOTAL (UNDER EXECUTION) 2780

19
LIST OF SUPERCRITICAL PROJECTS UNDER
EXECUTION FOR LIKELY BENEFITS DURING
12TH PLAN IN MADHYA PRADESH

Reliance
1 Sasan UMPP U 1-4 2640MW
Power Ltd.

JP Power
2 Nigri TPP U 1 Ventures 660MW
Ltd.

20
Advance Ultra Supercritical
Technology
– Efforts underway for indigenous development
of 700 deg C technology
– Part of National Mission on Clean Coal
Technology
– MoU between IGCAR, NTPC & BHEL
– Indigenous design and manufacturing of
materials proposed

21
 Integrated Gasification Combined
Cycle (IGCC)
• Limited International experience & with low ash
coals ( Only 6 plants are in operation in the
world)
• Fluidised bed gasifier considered suitable for
Indian coals not proven Internationally
• High Capital and operating Cost
• IGCC technology for Indian coal requires
indigenous development through R&D
– Feasibility studies done by Nexant, USA & BHEL
• Indicate Low efficiency and low availability 22
Future Ahead for IGCC
– BHEL MOU with APGENCO for IGCC demo
project
– NTPC desirous of setting up IGCC demo plant
through International cooperation

23
Oxyfuel Technology
• Is currently being developed around the
world
• Few small projects are in operation or proposed
– Vattenfall 30 MW , Germany

• Barriers
– Need of high purity Oxygen – high penalty on
Efficiency
– Technology yet to be proven

24
CO2 Emissions

25
Per Capita CO2 Emissions (t CO2/capita)

• World – 4.29
• India - 1.37
• China – 5.13
• USA - 16.90
(Source: IEA key world Energy Statistics 2011)

26
Absolute CO2 Emissions from
Indian Power Sector*
700.0 579.8
520.5 548.3
600.0 494.7
469.7
Million tCO2

500.0
400.0
300.0
200.0
100.0
0.0
2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10
Year

Emissions are from Grid Connected power stations

Estimated to be ~600 Million tonnes in 2010-11 27

Average CO2 Emissions per unit

Grid Average kg CO2/kWh

NEWNE 0.82
Southern 0.75
India 0.81

NEWNE – Northern,Eastern,Western and

North Eastern Grid

28
CO2 emissions from various unit
sizes in kg CO2/MWh
• 800 MW – ~0.88
• 660MW - ~0.90
• 500 MW – ~0.92
• 210 MW – ~0.94

29
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