INDONESIA NATURAL RESOURCES

MINERAL-GOLD
Farhah Ayu F.
M. Abdul Ghony
Dwi Amalia
Meutia Ermina Toif
Puspita Khumairoh
OUTLINE
• Identification of Gold
• Processing and Refining
• Derivative Products
• Economy
IDENTIFICATION OF GOLD
 Gold (Aurum)

Gold is a chemical element that has the symbol

Au (Aurum) and atomic number 79. Gold is a
transition metal (trivalent and univalent) that is yellow,
shiny, soft, flexible, heavy, easily forged up to a
thickness of 0.00001 mm, and fuses at temperature
around 1,000 degrees Celsius.
Gold doesn’t react with other chemicals, but its
surface can be dulled by chlorine and flourine.
Gold is formed in a variety of mixtures which
mainly contain silver (Ag), copper (Cu) and lead (pb)
metals.
 Characteristics of Gold

ASPECT CHARACTER
chemical formula Au
color Yellow, orange, whitish yellow, whitish red
luster Metallic
scratches / spout Yellow
specific gravity (gr/cm3) 15,5 – 19,3
hardness (Mohs) 2,5 – 3,0
crystal shape Isometric, rare crystals
hemisphere rough cracks
flexibility Soft and easy to forge
 Mineral in Gold

Group Gold Seed Minerals

Native dan Mixed Native gold, Electrum, Auricuprida, Razhkovit,
tetraauricuprida, maldonit, Palladium gold, Iridio
gold, Rhodian gold, Bismuthian gold, Cuprian
gold, Cuprian Electrum, Zvyagintsevil
Tellurida Calaveril, Krenorit, Montbrayit, Mulhmannit,
Sylvanit, Kostovil, Nagyagil, Bogdanovit,
Bessmertnovil, Bilbinshit, Hesil
Selenida, Sulfide dan Fischesserill, Uytenbogaardtit, Sulfide
Antimonide
Location of Gold Mine
Indonesia Gold Production
PROCESSING AND REFINING
Processing
Amalgamation

Distillation

ore
amalgam

Gravity Concentration
 rely on the principal that gold contained within an ore body is higher in specific gravity
than the host rocks that contain the gold.

Ore Elemental Gold

Sg = 2.6 Sg = 19.3
Processing
Flotation mineral rich
chemical agent + agitation + air
foam
sparging
concentrate

Cyanide Process
Heap Leaching
Example: Newmont Mining Corporation
1. Mining
2. Crushing: break the larger rocks down to a size suitable for transport on the
conveyor
3. Transport: transports the ore and waste rock to the mill and waste disposal
area
4. Grinding and Sizing: being fed into a semiautogenous grinding (SAG) and size
classified to give a final product of 80% <70 microns.
5. Leaching and adsorption: a slurry of ground ore, water and a weak cyanide
solution is fed into large steel leach tanks and followed by adsorption by
carbon granules which adsorb the gold.
6. Elution and electrowining: the loaded carbon is fed into an elution column
where the bullion is washed off and the wash solution is passed through
electrowinning cells where gold is won onto stainless steel cathodes.
7. Bullition production: the loaded cathodes are rinsed to yield a gold and silver
bearing sludge which is dried, mixed with fluxes and put into the furnace.
8. Water treatment: some water use in the grinding circuit, and excess water is
pumped to the Water Treatment Plant.
9. Tailing disposal: waste rock is used to build the embankment structures.
Refining

Gold refining is refers to processes used to extract

and separate the precious metals in mined mineral,
dore, and from recycled products (jewellery and
electronics).

The main techniques used to remove the final

impurities to create high caratage gold.
The two gold refining methods most commonly
employed to derive pure gold are : the Miller
process and the Wohlwill process.

• The Miller process uses gaseous chlorine to

extract impurities when gold is at melting point

• The Wohlwill process increases purity by

electrolysis.
DERIVATIVE PRODUCTS
Derivative Products of Gold
Gold in The Aerospace Field
• The application of gold coatings is used in the
temperature controller in space and gold has
become the material of choice for a variety of
temperature control uses
• In addition, gold in aerospace is useful for coating
the glass layer of an astronaut's helmet using a
method for deposition of the gold layer
Gold in Food and Drinks
• Gold leaf

• Gold cappuccino
Electronic Components
• Gold in cellphone waste

• Processor
Gold in Health and Beauty Sector

• Gold teeth

• Gold mask
ECONOMY
• Gold price per April, 25th 2019
• Gold price per gram = $ 41.21
• Dollar kurs today = Rp 14,221/dollar
• Gold price per gram = Rp 586,047

Electroplating costs in the electronics industry

• Cost of plating = $ 0.20 per plating process
• Amount must be plated = 100
• Product price = $ 0.92 / item
• Total profit = $ 72/ 100 qty
Terima Kasih