Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Piping Components: Offshore Piping Design Part
Piping Components: Offshore Piping Design Part
03-Okt-2013
2
Pipe
3
3
Pipe
ID
The size of pipe is identified by the nominal pipe size(NPS) or nominal bore(NB). The manufacture of pipe is base
on outside diameter which is standardized. (Outside diameter stays constant)
ASME B36.10M
5
5
Pipe
ASME B36.19M
6
6
Pipe Joint
Butt-Weld Joint
7
Pipe Joint
Socket-Welded Joint
8
Pipe Joint
Socket-Welded Joint
Socket welding and Thread fittings have pressure class designations (2000, 3000, 6000, 9000). : ASME B16.11.
9
Pipe Joint
Screwed Joint
10
Pipe Joint
Type of thread
11
Pipe Joint
Flanged Joint
12
Fitting
45 90 Concentric Eccentric
Elbow Elbow Reducer Reducer
13
13
Fitting
15
Fitting
16
Fitting
1. Cap
Cap
17
Fitting
Concentric Eccentric
Reducer Reducer
Bottom flat
18
Fitting
Full Reducing
Coupling Coupling
19
Fitting
Swage
20
Fitting
Unions are used in low pressure piping, small bore piping(1 ½” below) where dismantling of the pipe is
required more often, as an alternative to flange.
It is usually not recommend to use in offshore plant by difficulties in proof no leakage.
Union can be with threaded end or with socket weld ends. There are three pieces in a union. Two end
piece to attach to the run pipe and the third threaded piece to connect these two. The ball type metal
seating ensure sealing
Union
21
Fitting
22
Flange
Welding Neck
Flange
23
Flange
Flat face : use in when the counter flanges are flat face. Flat face Raised face
This condition occurs mainly on connection to cast iron
equipment and non metallic flange. This is partially applied
flange rating #150 especially for GRP piping system.
Gasket : Non metallic gasket is inserted to seal.
Ring joint face : most efficient for high temperature and high-
pressure service. It is adopted for rating #900 and above. Ring joint face Lap joint
Gasket : Metallic Octagonal or Oval ring gasket
24
Flange
Blind flange
25
Classification of valve base on function
Valve
26
Valve
Gate valve
Gate Valves are primarily designed to start or stop flow, and when
a straight-line flow of fluid and minimum flow restriction are
needed. In service, these valves generally are either fully open or
fully closed.
The disk of a gate valve is completely removed when the valve is
fully open; the disk is fully drawn up into the valve bonnet. This
leaves an opening for flow through the valve at the same inside
diameter as the pipe system in which the valve is installed.
27
Valve
Ball valve
A ball valve is a quarter-turn rotational motion valve that uses a ball-
shaped disk to stop or start flow. If the valve is opened, the ball
rotates to a point where the hole through the ball is in line with the
valve body inlet and outlet. If the valve is closed, the ball is rotated
so that the hole is perpendicular to the flow openings of the valve
body and the flow is stopped.
28
Valve
Piston valve
Piston valves resemble in construction more towards a globe valve and are used for shut off and regulation.
This valve provide positive shut off.
29
Valve
Butterfly valve
A butterfly valve is a quarter-turn rotational motion valve, that is
used to stop, regulate, and start flow. Butterfly valves are easy and
fast to open. A 90° rotation of the handle provides a complete
closure or opening of the valve. Large Butterfly valves are usually
equipped with a so-called gearbox, where the hand-wheel by gears
is connected to the stem. This simplifies the operation of the valve,
but at the expense of speed.
30
Valve
Diaphragm valve
Diaphragm is pushed into contact with the bottom of the valve
body to provide shut-off. Diaphragm valves are excellent for
controlling the flow of fluids containing suspended solids and
offer flexibility of being installed in any position. The application of
valves are food processing and water treatment industries.
Advantage
Leak proof seal for tight shut-off.
Easy maintenance for diaphragm
Disadvantage
Limitation in moderate temperature range and pressure service by
mechanical properties of diaphragm materials.
31
Valve
Globe valve
A conical plug moves in and out of the fluid
32
Valve
Check valve
Check valve, non-return valve or one-way valve is a mechanical device, a valve, which normally allows fluid (liquid or
gas) to flow through it in only one direction.
Check valves are "automatic" valves that open with forward flow and close with reverse flow. The pressure of the
fluid passing through a system opens the valve, while any reversal of flow will close the valve. Exact operation will
vary depending on the type of check valve mechanism. Most common types of check valves are swing, lift (piston
and ball), wafer check valve.
33
Specialty item
Strainer
It is Inserted in lies immediately upstream of sensitive equipment, strainers collect solid particles in the approximate
size range 0.02 ~ 0.5 inch, which can be separated by passing the fluid bearing them thru the strainer screen.
Typical locations for strainers are before a control valve, pump, turbine.
34
PSV(Pressure Safety Valve)
A pressure relief valve is a safety device designed to protect a pressurized vessel or system during an
overpressure event. An overpressure event refers to any condition which would cause pressure in a
vessel or system to increase beyond the specified design pressure or maximum allowable working
pressure (MAWP).
35
PSV(Pressure Safety Valve)
Advantages
Most reliable type if properly sized and operated
Versatile -- can be used in many services
Disadvantages
Relieving pressure affected by back pressure
Susceptible to chatter if built-up back pressure is too
high
36
PSV(Pressure Safety Valve)
They only open the main valve enough to keep the system at
set pressure which leads to less wasted product being
relieved through the valve.•
37
Flow element
Restriction orifice
Orifice plate is a thin plate with an orifice in the middle. It is
placed in a pipe where the volumetric flow measurement
needs to be done. When the fluid flows through the orifice in
the orifice plate, fluid velocity changes and according to
Bernoulli’s equation pressure also changes. By measuring
the difference between pressure values immediately before
and after the orifice plate, volumetric flow calculation can be
done.
Installation Considerations
38
Flow element
Gas Liquid
39
Flow element
Installation Considerations
40
Flow element
Vortex flowmeter
Installation Considerations
Required straight run of Upstream is 10D and down stream is 5D.
41
Flow element
Installation Considerations
The best direction for installing is Vertical upward.
No requires as straight run
42
Flow element
Turbine flowmeter
The primary element consists of a multi-bladed rotor which is mounted at right angles to the flow and suspended in
the fluid stream on a free-running bearing. The diameter of the rotor is slightly less than the inside diameter of the
flowmetering chamber, and its speed of rotation is proportional to the volumetric flowrate.
The speed of rotation of the turbine may be determined using an electronic proximity switch mounted on the
outside of the pipework, which counts the pulses
Installation Considerations
Required straight run of Upstream is 10D and down stream is 5D.
43
Flow element
Ultrasonic flowmeter
A pair of transducers are installed on the outer surface of the pipe as shown in the diagram. Each transducer works
alternatively as both transmitter and receiver of ultrasonic signals.
When the ultrasonic signal is transmitted toward the upstream side against the flow direction, more propagation
time is required (T1). On the other hand, when it is transmitted toward the downstream side with the flow direction,
the propagation time is less (T2). That is, the signal is delayed or speeded up by the moving fluid. The difference in
time between "T1" and "T2" is proportional to the flow velocity, and the flow volume can be calculated by
multiplying it by the cross-sectional area, which is obtained by using the pipe diameter and wall thickness.
Installation Considerations
Required straight run for Upward is 20D, for Downward is 5D
44
SDV/BDV(Shut down /blow down valve)
A shut down valve (also referred to as SDV or Emergency shutdown valve, ESV, ESD, or ESDV) is an actuated valve designed
to stop the flow of a hazarous fluid or external hydrocarbons (gases) upon the detection of a dangerous event.
A blow down valve is to open flow through depressurization system such as flare
During plant normal condition, there will be electrical current flows through the instrument loop. When trip/shutdown is
required, the loop will be de-energized.
During plant normal condition (pressure is lower than HiHi setting) the switch contact is closed and enables current flow within
the loop. Likewise, the solenoid of SDV is energized by electrical power to allow air supply stroking the SDV and then forcing it
in open position.
Normal condition, Valve is open and valve position is made by air supply into chamber in actuator which is compressing the
spring. When shutdown is required, solenoid valve is de-energized and shut off the air into air chamber. Valve is closed.
45