Try to graph and Name the following

Equations:
y=2X+3
y= 3
Y= x^3 + 2x + 3
y= IxI … y= Ix-3I + 4
y= x^3 … y= (x-1)^3 + 2
y= 1/x-2
y= 5^x + 4
 objectives
 Define and describe the Properties of
Algebraic Curves
 Identify the Intercepts of a Curve
 Test the equation of a Curve for
Symmetry
 Identify the Vertical and Horizontal
Asymptotes
 Sketch Algebraic Curves
 An equation involving the
variables x and y is satisfied by an
infinite number of values of x and
y, and each pair of values
corresponds to a point (x,y)
 When plotted on the Cartesian Plane, these
points follow a pattern according to the given
equation and form a definite geometric figure
called the CURVE or LOCUS OF THE
EQUATION
• The extent of the graph of an algebraic
curve involves its domain and range.
• The domain is the set of permissible
values for x and the range is the set of
permissible values for y.
•Symmetry with respect to the coordinate axes exists on one
side of the axis if for every point of the curve on one side of
the axis, there is a corresponding image on the opposite side
of the axis.
•Symmetry with respect to the origin exists if every point on
the curve, there is a corresponding image point directly
opposite to and at equal distance from the origin.
1. Substitute –y for y, if the equation is unchanged
then the curve is symmetrical with respect to the
x-axis.
2. Substitute –x for x, if the equation is unchanged
the curve is symmetrical with respect to the y-
axis.
3. Substitute – x for x and –y for y, if the equation is
unchanged then the curve is symmetrical with
respect to the origin.
1. If all y terms have even exponents therefore the
curve is symmetrical with respect to the x-axis.
2. If all x terms have even exponents therefore the
curve is symmetrical with respect to the y-axis.
3. If all terms have even exponents therefore the
curve is symmetrical with respect to the origin.
•These are the points which the curve crosses the
coordinate axes

a. x-intercepts – abscissa of the points at which the

curve crosses the x-axis.
b. y-intercepts – ordinate of the points at which the
curve crosses the y-axis.
•Determination of the Intercepts

For the x-intercept For the y-intercept

a. Set y = 0 a. Set x = 0
b. Factor the equation. b. Solve for the values
c. Solve for the values
of x. of y.
 A straight line is said to be an asymptote of a
curve if the curve approaches such a line more and more
closely but never really touches it except as a limiting
position at infinity. Not all curves have asymptotes.

Types of Asymptotes
6.Vertical Asymptote
7.Horizontal Asymptote
8.Slant/Diagonal Asymptote
 A constant
function is a linear
function for which
the range does not
change no matter
which member of
the domain is used.
In mathematics, an identity
function, also called
an identity relation , is
a function that always
returns the same value that
was used as its argument.
In equations, the function
is given by f(x) = x.
An absolute value function
is a function that contains
an algebraic expression
within absolute value
symbols. Recall that the
absolute value of a number
is its distance from 00 on
the number line.
• Observe that the graph is V-shaped.
• The vertex of the graph is (0,0)(0,0).
• The axis of symmetry (x=0x=0 or yy-axis) is the line that
divides the graph into two congruent halves.
• The domain is the set of all real numbers.
• The range is the set of all real numbers greater than or
equal to 00. That is, y≥0y≥0.
• The xx-intercept and the yy-intercept are both 00.
The square root function is
defined to take any positive
number y as input and return
the positive number x which
would have to be squared (i.e.
multiplied by itself), to obtain y.
The square root of y is usually
denoted like this:
 The general form of a
quadratic function
is f ( x ) = a x 2 + b x + c .
The graph of a quadratic
function is a parabola , a
type of 2 -dimensional
curve.
 A parabola is the set of all points in the plane equidistant from a
given line (the conic section directrix) and a given point not on
the line (the focus). The focal parameter (i.e., the distance
between the directrix and focus) is therefore given by , where is
the distance from the vertex to the directrix or focus. The surface
of revolution obtained by rotating a parabola about its axis of
symmetry is called a paraboloid.
 An ellipse is a curve that is the locus of all points in
the plane the sum of whose distances and from two fixed
points and (the foci) separated by a distance of is a
given positive constant (Hilbert and Cohn-Vossen 1999, p. 2).
This results in the two-center bipolar coordinate equation
 circle is the set of points in a plane that are equidistant from a
given point . The distance from the center is called the radius,
and the point is called the center. Twice the radius is known as
the diameter . The angle a circle subtends from its center is a full
angle, equal to or radians.
A hyperbola (plural "hyperbolas"; Gray 1997, p. 45) is a conic
section defined as the locus of all points in the planethe
difference of whose distances and from two fixed points
(the foci and ) separated by a distance is a
given positive constant ,
 A cubic function is
any function of the form y =
ax^3 + bx^2 + cx + d, where a,
b, c, and d are constants, and a
is not equal to zero, or
a polynomial functions with
the highest exponent equal to
3. These types of functions are
extremely prevalent in
applications involving volume.
 The function of the
coefficient A in the
general equation is to
make the graph "wider"
or "skinnier", or to reflect
it (if negative):
The constant dd in the
equation is the y -
intercept of the graph.
 The effects of b and c on
the graph are more
complicated. However, if
you can factor the right
side of the equation, you
can find one or more x -
intercepts , and use these
to sketch the graph.
(Some cubics, however,
cannot be factored.)
 A cubic function may
have one, two or three x -
intercepts, corresponding
to the real roots of the
related cubic equation.
In mathematics, a continuous
function is a function for
which sufficiently small
changes in the input result in
arbitrarily small changes in
the output. Otherwise, a
function is said to be
a discontinuous function. A
continuous function with a
continuous inverse function is
called a homeomorphism.
Is one in which a
variable occurs
in the exponent

y= 2^x+3 - 1
 What is
ALGEBRAIC
CURVES?
 An algebraic curve over a field is an equation ,
where is a polynomial in and with coefficients in . A
nonsingular algebraic curve is an algebraic curve
over which has no singular points over . A point on
an algebraic curve is simply a solution of the
equation of the curve. A -rational point is a point on
the curve, where and are in the field .