Paint

Manufacturing

By:
Amores,Jeerve A.
Ferolino,Jade Christian P.
BSME V-A
About Paint
• Is any liquid, or mastic composition that, after application
to a substrate in a thin layer, converts to a solid film.

• It is most commonly used to protect, color, or provide

texture to objects.

• Paint can be made or purchased in many colors—and in

many different types, such as watercolor, synthetic, etc.
Paint is typically stored, sold, and applied as a liquid, but
most types dry into a solid.

About Paint
History of Paint
• Paint — the group of emulsions generally consisting of
pigments suspended in a liquid medium for use as
decorative or protective coatings — made its earliest
appearance about 30,000 years ago.

• The first recorded paint mill in America was reportedly

established in Boston in 1700 by Thomas Child. A century
and a half later, in 1867, D.R. Averill of Ohio patented the
first prepared or “ready mixed” paints in the United States.

History of Paint
• In the mid-1880s, paint factories began springing up in
population and industrial centers across the nation.

• The weight of prepared paint makes it expensive to

transport, so a decentralized structure of small
manufacturers in discrete markets dominated the industry
until the mid-1900s.

History of Paint
Raw Materials
• Pigments
• to provide colour, hiding and
control gloss.
• Other pigments used to make
paint include iron oxide and
cadmium sulfide for reds,
metallic salts for yellows and
oranges, and iron blue and
chrome yellows for blues and
greens.

Raw Materials
• Solvents
• To act as a carrier for the
pigments and resin.
• Are various low viscosity,
volatile liquids.
• They include petroleum
mineral spirits and
aromatic solvents such as
benzol, alcohols, esters,
ketones, and acetone.

Raw Materials
• Resins
• helps it dry.
• the binder to hold the pigment
particles together and provide
adhesion to the surface painted.

Raw Materials
• Additives
• serves as everything from fillers to anti
fungicidal agents.
• Additives are used because:
• Modifies surface tension.
• Improve the finished appearance.
• Improve pigment stability.
• Control foaming
• Control skinning

Raw Materials
Fillers
• Fillers are a special type of pigment
that serve to thicken the film, support
its structure and simply increase the
volume of the paint.
• Fillers are usually comprised of cheap
and inert materials, such as talc, lime,
clay, etc.

Raw Materials
Types of Paint
Primer
• or undercoat is a preparatory coating
put on materials before painting.
• Priming ensures better adhesion of
paint to the surface, increases paint
durability, and provides additional
protection for the material being
painted.

Types of Paint
Emulsion Paint
• Having water usually as the volatile
phase with various nonvolatile
substances (such as a linseed-oil
varnish) in emulsion as the binder.

Types of Paint
Oil-based vs. Water-based
• It takes more time to dry than water-based,
which dries as fast as moisture can
evaporate. However, there are drying
additives in oil-based paints to aid in
shorter dry times.
• In order to clean oil-based paint you need
to use harsh chemicals like paint thinner
while just a small amount of detergent and
water will allow you to clean water-based.
• Water-based paints are also not as durable
as oil-based, and aren’t as shiny.

Types of Paint
• Latex
• This is a term used to describe water-
based paint. There is actually no
latex in the paint. Latex paint is often
used for ceilings and walls. It has the
ability to dry quickly.

Types of Paint
Enamel
• Oil-based paint is given the term
"enamel" due to its hardness and
durability. These paints will also include
gloss and semi-gloss finishes and they are
mostly used around windows, doors, and
trim. Over time this paint can discolor.

Types of Paint
Acrylic
• This is a fast-drying paint made of pigment
suspended in acrylic polymer emulsion.
• It can be found in several varieties including
acrylic latex, acrylic enamel, or acrylic latex
enamel.
• Acrylic enamel house paint is considered as
such due to its durability; it is not a mixture
of oil and water-based paint.

Types of Paint
• Specialty Paints
• Each paint type can have additives
included in it.
• These paints can include anti-mold
and anti-mildew properties as well as
fire retardants.
• Some also have anti-condensation
additives, making them popular in
locations like the kitchen.

Types of Paint
Plant Manufacturing
Process
Part 1 – Accurate measurement of ingredients
• Ingredients are typically measured by weight on scales,
and in some cases by volume in calibrated vats and
graduated measuring containers. For batches larger than
about 4000 litres the vats are loaded onto load cells
connected to accurate electronic scales. The scales allow
addition of ingredients with a measurement accuracy of
+/- 5 kg in 20,000 kg.

Manufacturing Process
Part 2 – Mill-base preparation and pigment dispersion
• Pigments are powders of typically small size that tend to
stick together to form clumps or agglomerates. These
must be broken down into separate particles that must
then be wetted by resin and additives to stop them
sticking together again.

Manufacturing Process
• Ball mills are used for small batches of difficult to disperse
mill-bases. Ball mills are large porcelain lined rotating drums
containing golf ball sized porcelain balls. Rolling and
tumbling of the balls provides sufficient force to break up
agglomerates.
• Bead mills are used for large batches and can maintain semi-
continuous output. Operation is similar to a ball mill but the
vessel is smaller and balls are 3mm diameter zirconium
dioxide beads, and mixing is at a higher speed producing more
rapid output.
• Bar mills are especially useful for highly viscous (thick) mill-
bases. The mill-base is forced through a small clearance
between a rotating water cooled roller and a bar pushed
against the roller.

Manufacturing Process
Part 3 – Let-down
• In a separate, larger, vat the rest of the paint (resin,
solvent and additives) is combined and mixed. This is
called the let-down. When the let-down and the mill-base
are completed, the mill-base is added with stirring to the
let-down. At this stage, if required by the formulation,
any final additions are made and added in.

Manufacturing Process
Part 4 – Finished product and in process laboratory
testing
• Product quality is monitored throughout the
manufacturing process by the Product Verification
Laboratory. Critical ingredients are tested before
manufacturing starts. The mill-base may be tested for
dispersion. The let-down may be tested to ensure it is
sufficiently mixed.
• The completed batch is thoroughly tested by the Product
Verification Laboratory.

Manufacturing Process
Part 5 – Canning
• When testing is completed the batch is passed for canning.
During canning two samples are taken; a retain sample,
which is stored in case it is needed for future reference, and
a Final Inspection sample. The Final Inspection sample is
tested in the Final Inspection Laboratory to guarantee
conformance to relevant standards and specifications. After
this final stage of testing is complete the batch is passed for
use in the warehouse and dispatch to branches as required.

Manufacturing Process
THANK YOU!