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Seed Prodtn of Veg Crops
Seed Prodtn of Veg Crops
PRODUCTION OF VEGETABLE
CROPS
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Hybrid : Its nothing but a cross between two
parents .
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Hari Har ram,2012 3
• Emasculation :Removal of anthers from a bud or
flower before pollen is shed
Actinomorphic
5- stamnes
5 Calyx lobes,
5 petals
Pentameous
5- stamens
5-7 corolla lobes
2-Jul-19 6
Table 2. Natural cross-pollinated (NCP) and pollination vectors in
vegetables crops
Peter ,2009
2-Jul-19 7
Techniques used for Hybrid seed
production
Mechanical method
Sex expression
Self incompatibility
Male sterility
Hazra,1999 8
2-Jul-19
Male sterility
2-Jul-19 Hazra,1999 9
Steps involved for Hybridization
programme in tomato
The 7 steps involved in hybridization
programme mainly.
1. Selection of parents.(per se performance)
2. Evaluation of parents(GCA,SCA effect)
3. Emasculation of male flowers.
4. Bagging
5. Tagging
6. Pollination
7. Harvesting of F1 hybrid seeds.
Pollen collection
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Pollination
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Seed extraction
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Table 3 : Recommended Isolation distance
required for hybrid seed production
Singh,2014 19
2-Jul-19
Capsicum/sweet pepper
Capsicum annuum L.
2n=2x=24
Origin :Tropical America
China major producer
Himachal pradesh is the
leading supplier during off
season
2-Jul-19 Singh,2014 20
Tomato
Lycoperiscon esculentum. Mill.
2n=24
Rich in Vitamin C
2n=24.
Origin : India
Goitrogenic principle.
Solanum tuberosum L.
2n : 2x= 48
Economic - Tubers
Fruit - berry
Potato is 4th in food production
Hari Har Ram,2012
2-Jul-19 24
Table 20: Achievements
Tomato
Arka Vishal IIHR 837× IIHR 932 Tolerant to cracking
Arka Shreshta 15 SBSB × IIHR 1614 Resistant to bacterial wilt
Pusa Divya Long style × Roma Developed using male
sterile .
Pusa Hybrid -1 Pusa sheetal × chikoo Fruit set at high night
temperature
Chilli
Arka Sweta developed by CGMS line
Arka Meghana developed by CGMS line
CH-1-PAU MS-12× LLS
CH-3-PAU MS-12× S-2530
Capsicum
Pusa Deepti Yolo Wonder× Russian Yellow
IAHS: Bharat -
2-Jul-19 Muthukumar,2013 25
Brinjal
Potato
INTRODUCTION
These are most important group of winter vegetables grown throughout the world.
The word Cole seems to have come word “Caulis” which means stem
The term Cole was used to refer the group of highly differentiated plants
originating from a single wild form known as “Cole Warts”.
Botanically it is Brassica oleracea var. sylvestris, family Brassicaceae.
Seed production of these crops is being exploited to a smaller extent to produce
high quality seeds.
Among the several seed production practices, standardization of sowing dates,
population dynamics , Spacing and adequate fertilizer plays a decisive role in
producing higher seed yield coupled with better quality traits.
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INTRODUCTION
• Cabbage - Brassica oleracea var. capitata
Chromosome no – 2n = 18
Family - Brassicaceae
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FLORAL BIOLOGY
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Crop Time of sowing Time of
Transplanting
Cabbage Feb-March March-April
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CROPS CULTIVARS
Cabbage Golden Acre, Pride of India, Copenhagen Market, Pusa
Mukta, Pusa Drum Head
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Vernalization and flowering
• Period of cold exposure before flowering is called
vernalization.
• Temperature of 4 to 100C for at least 4-6 weeks depending on
the duration of the exposure and the absolute temperature.
• The most effective temperature is 50C
• Longer vernalization also produces more flowers, which can
result in greater seed yield per plant.
• Biennial brassicas must be over-wintered for vernalization to
occur.
• Vernalization of the seed, seedling, or young plant is not
sufficient to cause flowering because there must be sufficient
nutrient reserves to support flowering.
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Isolation distance
Contaminants Minimum
distance(m)
Foundation seeds Certified seeds
Roguing stages
1. Before the marketable stage,
2. Start of curd, head, knob formation,
3. When most plants have formed Curd, head or knob
4. At flowering stage
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Seed production
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A. In –situ or seed to seed method.
• The plants with good curd (cauliflower), head (cabbage) and knob (knol-khol) are
left in the field where they are planted for flowering and to produce seeds.
• The crop is allowed to complete its vegetative stage, bolting, flowering and set
seed in the same field after transplanting.
• This method is not advisable where the temperature attains zero or sub zero.
• Normally the yields are 10 % - 20% more and crop is ready for harvest about 10 to
5 days earlier than the other method.
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Seed Production of Cucurbitaceous Vegetables
Cucurbits - Special Features
Luffa
Cucumber
• The isolation distance of 400 m for C.S. And 800m for F.S.
And atleast 1000m isolation is required for breeder seed
production.
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Seed production in root crops
• Carrot
• Carrot is an insect pollinated crop.
• The core colour of the roots is also taken into
consideration while root selection.
• seed plot field is isolated from fields of other
varieties by at least1000 m for breeder seed
production.
• The primary umbels are harvested mainly during
first picking while second picking mainly
constitutes of secondary umbels.
• It is advisable not to harvest tertiary umbels in
Asiatic carrots as they contain embryo-less seeds.
The harvested umbels are left on threshing floor
for 3- 4 days before seed extraction.
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• Radish
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