Prepared by:

Ma. Isabel V. Malabanan

Meaning of Learning
Learning is the acquisition of knowledge or
skills through study, experience, or being
taught. It is measurable and relatively
permanent change in behaviour through
experience, instruction, or study.
We define learning as the transformative process
of taking in information “when internalized and
mixed with what we have experienced” changes
what we know and builds on what we do. It’s
based on input, process and reflection. It is what
changes us. (by Tony Bingham and Marcia
Conner)
Over the years, academics have proposed a number of
theories to describe and explain the learning process -
these can be grouped into five broad categories:
1. Behaviorism
2. Cognitivism
3. Constructivism
4. Experiential
5. Social and Contextual Learning
BEHAVIORISM
Behaviorism is a learning theory based on the idea that
behavior can be controlled or modified based on the
antecedents and consequences of a behavior.
A behavior will only occur if given the right environment
or antecedent.
The behavior is more or less likely to reoccur based on
the reinforcements or consequences that follow, such as
rewards.
Examples
a. “You can watch TV as soon as you are done with your homework.”

b. “Students who complete all homework this week, don't have to take
the quiz on Friday.”

c. “Receiving a sticker for a correct answer on a math problem.”

d. “Students who arrive late will receive detention.”

COGNITIVISM
Cognitivism is a learning theory that focuses on “how
information is received, organized, stored and retrieved
by the mind”.
Instruction should be organized , suenced and
presented in a manner that is understandable and
meaningful to the learner.
Cognitivism emphasizes retention and recall
through the use of quality teaching practices.
CONSTRUCTIVISM
Constructivism is a learning theory that “equates
learning with creating meaning from experience.”

Learning is more meaningful to students when

they are able to interact with a problem or
concept.
Constructivism can help engage and motivate your
students by making them take a more active role in the
learning process.
Constructivism utilizes interactive teaching strategies to
create meaningful contexts that help students
construct knowledge based on their experiences.
EXPERIENTIALISM
Experiential learning is the process of learning through
experience, and is more specifically defined as “learning
through reflection on doing”. Hands-on learning is a
form of experiential learning but does not necessarily
involve students reflecting on their product.
SOCIAL LEARNING

Social learning is the prospect that people

learn by observing others.
Albert Bandura believes that people learn
behaviors through the observation of others,
then impersonate what they have observed.
CONTEXTUAL LEARNING
Contextual learning is reality based out of the
classroom experiences.
Some examples of contextual learning are field trips,
attending churches or a youth group and even family
vacations.
Many teachers use contextual learning when students
don't understand what is being taught.
Contextual learning is also good for students that
struggle in some subjects. For them to be able to
understand what is being taught and be able to keep up
with the rest of the students helps them learn more
efficiently.