What comes to your mind

when you hear the term

“MODERN ART”?
Give some qualities or
characteristics that make you
consider an artwork
“modern”?
= Any creative group active in the
innovation and application of new
concepts and techniques in a given
field (especially in the arts).

= Traditions of the past have been

thrown aside because of the spirit of
experimentation.
* Modern art includes artistic works
produced during the period extending
roughly from the 1860s to the 1970s.
* Modern art can be traced back to the
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION, a period that
lasted from the 18th to the 19th century
* Characteristic of the 20th and 21st
centuries and of the later part of the 19th
century.
DURING THE MODERN ART:
- Many artists started to make art about people,
places, or ideas that interested them, and of
which they had direct experience.
- Sigmund Freud’s publication triggered
many artists.
- Artists challenged the notion that art must
realistically depict the world.
- Invention of photography.
• Artists living in the rapidly
modernizing world of late 19th-
century Europe wished not only
to depict modern (for them,
contemporary) everyday life, but
also to reveal the emotional and
psychological effects of living in a
world in rapid flux.
20th Century Art Movements:

1. Impressionism
2. Expressionism
3. Abstractionism
4. Abstract Expressionism
5. Contemporary Art Forms
 IMPRESSIONISM

Impression Sunrise Starry Night

Claude Monet Vincent Van Gogh
 EXPRESSIONISM

Persistence of Memory Guernica

Salvador Dali Pablo Picasso
 ABSTRACTIONISM

Three Musicians The City

Pablo Picasso Fernand Leger
 ABSTRACT EXPRESSIONISM

Autumn Rhythm Abstract No. 2

Jackson Pollock Lee Krasner
 CONTEMPORARY ART FORMS

Cordillera Labyrinth Go to Room 117

Roberto Villanueva Sid Gomez Hildawa
 20thCentury
Art Movements
 th
20 Century Art Movements:
1.Impressionism
2.Expressionism
3.Abstractionism
4.Abstract Expressionism
5.Contemporary Art Forms
what do you
understand by the
term “first
impression?
Impression ……….
• a quick glance, an
• unclear or incomplete image
of something,
• a partial sense of what
something is, etc..
Impressionism
• Impressionism was an art movement that
emerged in the second half of the 19th
century among a group of Paris-based artists.
The duration of the impressionist movement
itself was quite short, less than 20 years from
1872 to the mid-1880s. But it had a
tremendous impact and influence on the
painting styles that followed, such as neo-
impressionism, post-impressionism, fauvism,
and cubism—and even the artistic styles and
movements of today.
•The name impressionism
was coined from the title
of a work by French
painter Claude Monet,
Impression, soleil levant
(in English, Impression,
Sunrise).
Impression, Sunrise
Claude Monet, 1872
Oil on canvas
The term precisely captured what this
group of artists sought to represent in
their works: the viewer’s momentary
“impression” of an image. It was not
intended to be clear or precise, but
more like a fleeting fragment of reality
caught on canvas, sometimes in mid-
motion, at other times awkwardly
positioned—just as it would be in real
life
The Influence of Delacroix
As with all emerging art movements,
impressionism owed its inspiration to
earlier masters. One major influence was
the work of French painter Eugène
Delacroix. Delacroix was greatly admired
and emulated by the early impressionists-
specifically for his use of expressive
brushstrokes, his emphasis on movement
rather than on clarity of form, and most of
all his study of the optical effects of color.
 IMPRESSIONISM

Distinct Characteristics:
1. Color and Light
- Short broken strokes
- Pure unmixed colors side by side
- Freely brushed colors (convey visual effect)
2. Everyday Subjects
- Scenes of life
- Household objects
- Landscapes and Seascapes
- Houses, Cafes, Buildings
3. Painting Outdoors
- Previously, still lifes, portraits, and landscapes
were painted inside the studio. The impressionists
found that they could best capture the ever-
changing effects of light on color by painting
outdoors in natural light.
4. Open Composition
- Impressionist painting also moved away
from the formal, structured approach to
placing and positioning their subjects.
- They experimented with unusual visual
angles, sizes of objects that appeared out of
proportion, off-center placement, and empty
spaces on the canvas.
 EDOUARD MANET
(1832-1883)
was one of the first 19th century
artists to depict modern-life
subjects. He was a key figure in
the transition from realism to
impressionism, with a number of
his works considered as marking
the birth of modern art.
Argenteuil Rue Mosnier Decked With Flags
Edouard Manet, 1874 Edouard Manet, 1878
Oil on canvas Oil on canvas
 CLAUDE MONET
(1840-1926)

- Was one of the founders of impressionist

movements along with his friends Auguste
Renoir, Alfred Sisley, and Frederic Bazille.
- He was the prominent of the group.
- Is considered the most influential figured in
the movement.
- Best known for his lascapes paintings
particularly those depicting his beloved flower
gardens and water lily ponds at his home in
Giverny.
Bridge Over a Pond of Water Lilies Irises in Monet’s Garden
Claude Monet, 1899 Claude Monet, 1900
Oil on canvas Oil on canvas
 Auguste Renoir
(1841-1919)
Along with Claude Monet, was one of the
central figures of the impressionist
movement.
His early works were snapshots of real life,
full of sparkling color and light.
By the mid-1880s, however, Renoir broke
away from the impressionist movement to
apply a more disciplined, formal technique
to portraits of actual people and figure
paintings
Mlle Irene Cahen d’Anvers Luncheon of the Boating Party
Auguste Renoir, 1880 Auguste Renoir, 1881
Oil on canvas Oil on canvas
Post-Impressionism: Work of Cezanne and
Van Gogh
After the brief yet highly influential period of
impressionism, an outgrowth movement known as
post-impressionism emerged. The European artists
who were at the forefront of this movement continued
using the basic qualities of the impressionists before
them—the vivid colors, heavy brush strokes, and true-
to-life subjects. However, they expanded and
experimented with these in bold new ways, like using a
geometric approach, fragmenting objects and
distorting people’s faces and body parts, and applying
colors that were not necessarily realistic or natural.
 Paul Cézanne
(1839–1906)
was a French artist and post-
impressionist painter. His work
exemplified the transition from late
19th-century impressionism to a new
and radically different world of art in
the 20th century—paving the way for
the next revolutionary art movement
known as expressionism.
 Paul Cezanne, 1879-1882
Oil on canvas Oil on canvas

Hortense Fiquet in a Striped Skirt

Paul Cezanne, 1878
Oil on canvas
 Vincent van Gogh
(1853-1890)
was a post-impressionist painter from The
Netherlands.
His works were remarkable for their strong,
heavy brush strokes, intense
emotions, and colors that appeared to
almost pulsate with energy.
Van Gogh’s striking style was to have a far-
reaching influence on 20th century art, with
his works becoming among the most
recognized in the world.
Starry Night Wheat Field with Cypresses
Vincent van Gogh, 1889 Vincent van Gogh, 1889
Oil on canvas Oil on canvas
The Scream – 1983
Edvard Munch
Edvard Munch
(1863-1944)
 Edvard Munch
(1863-1944)
• Norwegian painter and printmaker.
• intense, evocative treatment of
psychological and emotional themes.
Paintings about anguish.
• Portrayed symbolic themes of misery,
sickness and death, isolation and fear.
• Best known for his paintings The
Scream and The Cry.
Expressionism: A Bold New
Movement
• In the early 1900s, there arose in the Western art
world a movement that came to be known as
expressionism. Expressionist artists created
works with more emotional force, rather than
with realistic or natural images. To achieve this,
they distorted outlines, applied strong colors, and
exaggerated forms. They worked more with their
imagination and feelings, rather than with what
their eyes saw in the physical world.
Among the various styles that arose
within the expressionist art
movements were:
• fauvism
• dadaism
• surrealism
• social realism
Sub-Movements:
1. Fauvism
- Uses bold, vibrant colors and visual distortions.
- Its name was derived from les fauves(wild
beast), referring to the group of French
expressionist painter.
- the most known among them was Henri Matisse
- They used bright colors, strong lines and
patterns which seemed to burst from their
canvass and the unusual color combinations
created a kind of joyous feeling to the viewers.
Blue Window Woman with Hat
Henri Matisse, 1911 Henri Matisse,
Oil on canvas 1905, Oil on canvas
Henri Matisse, Les Toits de
Collioure,1905, oil on
canvas, The Hermitage, St.
Petersburg, Russia
2. Dadaism
- was style characterized by dream fantasies,
memory images, and visual tricks and
fantasies.
- It declared the absurdity of all conventions
and destroyed the notion of art itself.
- The important thing about dadaist was not
the work of itself but the shock and the
confusion they could produce.
Marcel Duchamp, Fountain 1917. I and the Village
Marc Chagall, 1911
Oil on canvas
3. Surrealism
- Depicts an illogical subconscious dream world
beyond the logical, conscious, physical one.
- Its name came from the term “super realism,”
with its artworks clearly expressing a departure
from reality—as though the artists were
dreaming, seeing illusions, or experiencing an
altered mental state.
• Images in this style
are not logical.
• Metal attracts ants
like rotting flesh.
• Limp watches
suggest that time
has lost all
meaning. The Persistence of Memory by Salvador
Dali, 1933.
4. Social Realism
- Expresses the artist’s role in social reform.
- Artists used their works to protest against
the injustices, inequalities, immorality, and
ugliness of the human condition.
- In different periods of history, social realists
have addressed different issues: war, poverty,
corruption, industrial and environmental
hazards, and more—in the hope of raising
people’s awareness and pushing society to seek
reforms.
 Ben Shahn’s Miners’ Wives, for
example, spoke out against the
hazardous conditions faced by
coal miners, after a tragic
accident killed 111 workers in
Illinois in 1947, leaving their
wives and children in mourning.

Miners’ Wives
Ben Shahn, 1948
Egg tempera on board
 Pablo Picasso’s Guernica
has been recognized as the
most monumental and
comprehensive statement of
social realism against the
brutality of war. Filling one
wall of the Spanish Pavilion
at the 1937 World’s Fair in
Paris, it was Picasso’s
outcry against the German
Guernica air raid of the town of
Pablo Picasso Guernica in his native
Spain.
 Guernica
Pablo Picasso, 1937
Oil on canvas (Size: 11’ 5 1/2” x 25’ 5 3/4”)
Pablo Picasso
(1881-1973)
 Pablo Picasso
(1881-1973)
• Born in Spain and a cubist painter.
• One of the most famous artists in the world, a co-
founder of Cubism, best known for his paintings,
particularly his Blue Period and his creative style
of arranging facial features, he also produced
ceramic and bronze sculptures, drawings, etchings,
collage and poetry.
• No artist was as famous in his own time
• Didn’t appreciate women artists.
• Known for Old Man with Guitar and Guernica.
GENERALIZATION
Expressionism is a movement of
modern art that began in Europe in
the early 1900s. It was more
concerned with emotional impact,
rather than realism. To do this, it made
use of distorted outlines, strong
colors, and exaggerated forms.
Thank you for
listening
Answer the following question concerning
abstractionism:
1. What ideas come to mind when you
hear the term “abstract art”?
2. In your opinion, what does an abstract
artwork look like?
3. Do you know the name of any abstract
artist—foreign or Filipino?
4. Would you like to own an abstract
artwork? Why or why not?
Oval Still Life (Le Violon)
Georges Braque, 1914
Oil on canvas
Another group of artistic styles
emerged at the same time as the
expressionist movement. It had the
same spirit of freedom of expression
and openness that characterized life
in the 20th century, but it differed from
expressionism in certain ways. This
group of styles was known as
ABSTRACTIONISM.
Grouped under abstractionism
are the following art styles:
Cubism
Futurism
Mechanical style
Non-objectivism
 CUBISM
The cubist style derived its name from
the cube, a three dimensional geometric
figure composed of strictly measured
lines, planes, and angles. Cubist artworks
were, therefore, a play of planes and
angles on a flat surface. Foremost among
the cubists was Spanish painter/sculptor
PABLO PICASSO
 CUBISM

Three Musicians Girl Before a Mirror (detail)

Pablo Picasso, 1921 Pablo Picasso, 1932
Oil on canvas Oil on canvas
 FUTURISM
The movement known as futurism began in
Italy in the early 1900s. As the name implies,
the futurists created art for a fast-paced,
machine-propelled age.
They admired the motion, force, speed, and
strength of mechanical forms. Thus, their works
depicted the dynamic sensation of all these—
as can be seen in the works of Italian painter
Gino Severini.
Armored Train
Gino Severini, 1915
Oil on canvas
 MECHANICAL STYLE
= As a result of the futurist movement, what became
known as the mechanical style
emerged. In this style, basic forms such as planes,
cones, spheres, and cylinders all fit together precisely
and neatly in their appointed places.
= This can be seen in the works of Fernand Léger.
= Mechanical parts such as crankshafts, cylinder
blocks, and pistons are brightened only by the use of
primary colors. Otherwise, they are lifeless. Even
human figures are mere outlines, rendered
purposely without expression.
The City
Fernand Léger, 1919
Oil on canvas
 NON-OBJECTIVISM
The logical geometrical conclusion of
abstractionism came in the style
known as nonobjectivism.
From the very term “non-object,”
works in this style did not make
use of figures or even representations
of figures. They did not refer to
recognizable objects or forms in the
outside world.
 NONOBJECTIVISM
Lines, shapes, and colors were used in a
cool, impersonal approach that aimed
for balance, unity, and stability.
Colors were mainly black, white, and the
primaries (red, yellow, and blue).
Foremost among the nonobjectivists was
Dutch painter Piet Mondrian.
New York City
Piet Mondrian, 1942
Oil on canvas
Abstract Expressionism, Pop Art, Op Art
The New York School

In the 1920s and 1930s, aspiring young

American painters, sculptors, and writers
sailed to Europe to expand their horizons. But
during the dark days of World War II, a reverse
migration brought European scientists,
architects, and artists to American shores. New
York, in particular, became a haven for the
newly-arrived artists and their American
counterparts.
The result was the establishment of what
came to be known as “The New York
School”—as opposed to “The School of
Paris” that had been very influential in
Europe. The daring young artists in this
movement succeeded in creating their
own synthesis of Europe’s cubist and
surrealist styles. Their style came to be
known as ABSTRACT EXPRESSIONISM.
 ABSTRACT EXPRESSIONISM
Relies heavily on emotional impact, intuition and is
often spontaneous. The artists often starts with just a
concept or idea and improvises as he produces the
art.

Sub-Movements:
1. Action Painting
- The techniques could be splattering, squirting,
and dribbling paint with no pre-planned design.
2. Color Field Painting
- Uses different color saturations to create desired
effects.
 Abstract Expressionism
Famous Abstract Expressionist Artists:
Action Painters
* Jackson Pollock
Color Field Painters
* Willem de Kooning
* Kandinsky
* Rothko
Significant People
Jackson Pollock (1912-1956)

• Moved to New York to study at

the Art Students League

• Worked for the Federal Art

Project from 1938-1942

• Invented the “drip” technique

• Artist of the most expensive

painting in the world in 2006,
“No. 5” (1948), that sold for Jackson Pollock’s “Blue Poles”
$140,000,000 (1952)
 ABSTRACT EXPRESSIONISM

Autumn Rhythm Abstract No. 2

Jackson Pollock Lee Krasner
 Pop Art
A form of art that depicts objects or scenes from
everyday life and employs techniques of
commercial art and popular illustration.
• Occurred in New York City in the 1960’s
• It focused attention on familiar images/objects of pop
culture
• The interest was in mass media, advertising, comics, and
consumer products
• Emphasizes flatness and frontal presentation, bright and
bold colors
• They use mechanical and other deliberately inexpressive
techniques that imply the removal of the artist’s hand and
suggest the depersonalized processes of mass production
• It is almost a joke about what we, as a society, hold
important. So these artists are saying that we’ve made the
objects/people so important that they are depicted as art.
 POP ART
Pop Art was originally a U.S. and British
movement in the 1950s and 60s to react against
Abstract Expressionism
Distinct Characteristics:
1. Range of Work
- From painting, to posters, collages, 3D
assemblages, and installations.
2. Inspirations/Subjects
- Advertisements, celebrities, billboards, and
comic strips.
 Pop Art
Famous Pop Art Artists:
• Andy Warhol
• Roy Lichtenstein
 Abstract Expressionism Pop Art
Focused on elements rather Focused on recognizable
than objects objects
 OP ART
Distinct Characteristics:
1. A form of action painting with the action
taking place in the viewer’s eye.

2. As the eye moved over a diff. segments of

the image, perfectly stable components
appeared to shift back and forth.
Movement in Squares,
by Bridget Riley 1961
 CONTEMPORARY ART FORMS
1. Installation Art
- Uses sculptural materials and other media
to modify the viewer’s experience in a
particular space.
- Usually life size or even larger. Installation
can be constructed in everyday public or
private spaces both indoor and outdoor.
 CONTEMPORARY ART FORMS
2. Performance Art
- The actions of the performers may
constitute work. It can happen any time at
any place for any length of time.
- It may include activities such as theater,
dance, music, mime, juggling, and
gymnastics.