FEDERAL AVIATION

REGULATIONS

SOURCE: ICAO
INTERNATIONAL CIVIL
AVIATION ORGANIZATION
 ICAO
 Chicago Convention, December 1944

 Contracting States Established Standards

for ALL to Follow for International
Recognition

 MINIMUM STANDARDS of SAFETY

ICAO STANDARDS
 ICAO ANNEX 6
– Operation of Aircraft
 ICAO ANNEX 8
– Airworthiness of Aircraft
 ICAO Documents 9642-Continuing
Airworthiness Manual
– Doc. 9389-A/W Organization Procedures
 REGULATIONS

 A country may develop its own regulations

using the ICAO Annexes as a minimum
standard, or adopt another country’s.

– ICAO Annex 8 is the source for FAR 25,

Transport Category Aircraft Certification
Standard
UNITED STATES
 Federal Aviation Act of 1958
– U.S. Aviation Law

 Federal Aviation Regulations

– Applicable to:
• Airmen
• Aircraft
• Air Carriers
• Air Agencies
 CODE OF FEDERAL
REGULATIONS
 CFR’s
– Entire Federal Government Laws of the United States

 Arranged by Title
– Each Title Covers a Specific Area of Laws
• Title 3 - The President
• Title 7 – Agriculture
• Title 14 – Aeronautics and Space
• Title 15 – Commerce and Foreign Trade
• Title 21 – Food and Drugs
 CODE OF FEDERAL
REGULATIONS
 TITLE 14 AERONAUTICS AND SPACE

– CHAPTER I
– Federal Aviation Regulations, Federal Aviation
Administration, Department of Transportation
– VOLUME 1 THROUGH 3
– PARTS 1 – 199
SUB CHAPTERS
 A- Definitions  D- Airmen
– Part 1 – Parts 60-67
– Certification and Medical
 B-Procedural Rules Standards
– Parts 11-17
 E- Airspace
 C- Aircraft – Parts 71-77
– Parts 21-59  F-Air Traffic
– Certification Standards – Parts 91-105
– Registration  G- Air Operators
– Airworthiness Directives – Parts 119-139
– Maintenance Rules  H- Schools & Agencies
– Parts 140-147
U.S. AIRMEN
 Pilots – FAR Part 61

 Flight Engineers – FAR Part 63

 Mechanics - FAR Part 65

 Flight Dispatchers – FAR Part 65

AIRCRAFT
 United States Registered
– FAR Part 91

 Foreign Registered Operated in the US

– FAR Part 91
AIR CARRIERS
 United States Air Carriers
– FAR Part 121, 135
 Foreign Air Carriers Operating in the US
– FAR Part 129
 Foreign Air Carriers Using US Registered
Aircraft
– FAR Part 129.14
AIR AGENCIES
 Repair Stations - FAR Part 145
– Domestic
– Foreign

 Training Facilities – FAR Part 141

– Mechanic
– Pilot
MAINTENANCE RULES
 FAR PART 43
– Basic Maintenance Rule For US Registered Aircraft
 FAR PART 91
– Basic Operating Rule For US Registered Aircraft,
– AND
– Foreign Registered Aircraft Operated in the US.
 FAR Part 129
– Foreign Operators Operating into the US or Operating
US Registered Aircraft
FAR PART 43
 ALL Aircraft Having a U.S. Airworthiness
Certificate;

 Foreign-Registered Civil Aircraft Used in

Common Carriage in the United States
– Part 121 and Part 135
 §43.2 RECORDS OF
OVERHAUL AND
REBUILDING
Definition of Overhaul

 disassembled,
cleaned, inspected,
repaired as
necessary, and
reassembled; and
tested
 §43.2 RECORDS OF
OVERHAUL AND
REBUILDING


Definition of Rebuilding
– disassembled, cleaned,
inspected, repaired as
necessary, reassembled,
and, using either new
parts or used parts that
either conform to new
part tolerances and limits
or to approved oversized
or undersized
dimensions
43.3 PERSONS AUTHORIZED TO PERFORM
MAINTENANCE, PREVENTIVE
MAINTENANCE, REBUILDING, AND
ALTERATIONS

 Mechanic Certificate  Air Carrier Certificate

 Repairman  Private Pilot-
Certificate Preventive
 Supervised by Maintenance on Own
Mechanic or Airplane
Repairman  Pilot-Rotorcraft-
 Repair Station Remote area-Part 135
Certificate  Manufacturer
Part 43.5
 Approval for return  Required records
to service service entries must be made
after maintenance, – Log Book
preventive – FAA Form 337
maintenance, – Flight Manual
rebuilding, or
alteration.
Part 43.7
Persons authorized to  Mechanic Certificate
approve aircraft, or IA
airframes, aircraft
engines, propellers,  Repair Station
appliances, or Certificate
component parts for  Manufacturer
return to service after
maintenance,  Air Carrier
preventive  Private Pilot- Own
maintenance, Airplane(preventive
rebuilding, or maintenance only)
alteration.
Part 43.9
 Content, form, and disposition of
maintenance , preventive maintenance,
rebuilding, and alteration records
 Required Information: Description of work,
date of completion, name of person
performing work,
 Signature and certificate number if
satisfactory
Disposition of life-limited
aircraft parts. Part 43.10

 Records must be kept

 Parts must be
permanently marked
 Control of Disposal
Part 43.11
 Content, form, and  Must list type of
disposition of inspection performed,
records for and list discrepancies
inspections
conducted under
parts 91 and 125
and §§135.411(a)(1)
and 135.419 of this
chapter.
Maintenance Records:
Falsification, Fraudulent
Reproduction, or Alteration


 BASIS FOR
SUSPENSION OR
REVOCATION OF
ANY AND ALL
CERTIFICATES
HELD
Performance Rules
Part 43.13
 Manufacturer’s  At least equal to
Instructions original or properly
 Acceptable to FAA altered condition
 Accepted Industry
Practices
 Special Test
Equipment
Additional performance rules for
inspections Part 43.15
 Content of Inspections 

 IAW Inspection
Program

 Annual & 100 Hour

Inspections
Airworthiness Limitations
.  Continuous
Airworthiness
Maintenance Program
 Maintenance
Inspection Programs
for Part 121, 123 or
135 Operators
Maintenance, Preventive
Maintenance, and Alterations by
Certain Canadian Persons.

 Canadian Mechanic
 Canadian Repair
Station

 May RTS US
registered aircraft
located in Canada
Appendix A --
 Major Alterations,

 Major Repairs – Definitions and

Examples

Preventive
Maintenance
Appendix B
 Recording of Major
Repairs and Major
Alterations

FAA Form 337 or Repair

Station Work Order
Appendix D
 Annual and 100-  Scope and Detail
Hour Inspections

 Annual  General Aviation

– All aircraft Aircraft
 100 Hour
– Flight Instruction
/For Hire
Appendix E
 Altimeter System  Scope and detail of
Test and Test
Inspection

 Ref FAR 91.411

Appendix F
 ATC Transponder  Scope and Detail of
Tests and Test
Inspections

 Ref FAR 91.413

 FAR PART 91
 GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT
RULES
– Sub Part A General
– Sub Part B Flight Rules
• Visual Flight Rules
• Instrument Rules
– Sub Part C Equipment, Instrument and
Certificate Requirements
– Sub Part D Special Flight Operations
 FAR PART 91
 Sub Part E Maintenance, Preventive
Maintenance and Alterations
 Sub Part F Large & Turbine Powered
Multi Engine Airplanes
 Sub Part G Additional Equipment &
Operating Requirements
 Sub Part H Foreign Aircraft Operations and
Foreign Operators
 FAR PART 91

 Sub Part I Operating Noise Limits

 Sub Part J Waivers

 Sub Part E
Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance & Alterations
 Applicable to:  Inspect and Repair
– US registered civil  Maintenance Record
aircraft
Entries
 Maintenance
Requirements  Inoperative Equipment
 Responsibility-
Owner/Operator
 Airworthiness
Limitations
Compliance
 OPERATION AFTER MAINTENANCE,
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE REBUILDING
OR ALTERATIONS
 Approved for Return
To Service

 Maintenance Record
Entry

 Flight Tests
 REQUIRED INSPECTIONS
 Annual  AAIP

 Issuance of  Progressive Inspection

Airworthiness
Certificate  Continuous
Airworthiness
 100 Hour- flight Maintenance Program
instruction/for hire
ALTIMETER/TRANSPONDER
 Altimeter tests  ATC Transponder
Tests

 Altitude Reporting  24 Months

Tests

 24 Months  Procedures : FAR Part

43, Appendix E & F.
 MAINTENANCE RECORDS
 Records of Maintenance,  Records Containing:
Preventive Maintenance, – Total Time In Service
Alterations – Current Status – Life Limited
 Records of 100 Hour, Annual, Parts
Progressive and Other – TSO
Inspections – Time Since Last Inspection
– Current Status Airworthiness
Directives
 Records Must Include
– Major Repair & Alteration
– Description of work/Reference
Forms
to Data Used
– Date of Completion
– Signature.Certificate Number
of Person
 RECORDS RETENTION
 Kept Until Work  EXTRA FUEL TANK:
Repeated or Copy of FAA Form
Superseded or One 337
Year  KEPT IN AIRPLANE

 Transferred with
Aircraft
FAR PART 145
 Repair Stations
– Revised, effective 6 April, 2003

– Effective Date extended to October 3, 2003.

Application (ALL)
 Repair Station Manual
 Quality Control Manual
 List of articles
 Organization Chart
 Description of Housing & Facilities
 Contracted Maintenance Functions
 Training Program
Foreign Repair Stations

 Show the need for maintaining US

registered aircraft or products

 Payment of Fees
– $80.00 per inspector hour +
– travel & subsistence
DURATION
 DOMESTIC
– Until surrendered, suspended or revoked

 FOREIGN
– End of 12th month after issuance
AMENDMENT or TRANSFER
 Change of certificate is required if the repair
station changes location, requests to add or
amend rating, sells or transfers assets.
RATINGS
 CLASS
– Representative
Sampling of All Items
in Class
 LIMITED
– Items Listed on
Operations
Specifications or
Capability List
CLASS RATINGS
– Airframe 
– Powerplant
– Propeller
– Radio
– Instrument
– Accessory
LIMITED RATINGS
– Particular Make & – Landing Gear
Model of: Components
– Airframe – Floats
– Powerplant – Nondestructive testing
– Propellers – Emergency Equipment
– Instruments – Rotor Blades
– Radios – Fabric Work
– Accessories – Specialized Services
Housing & Facilities
 Adequate for Ratings
 To properly perform maintenance
 Sufficient work space
 Environmentally sensitive or hazardous
work
 Rack, hoists, cabinets, trays & stands
Housing & Facilities

 Storage areas for parts

 Ventilation, lighting, temperature and
humidity control
 Suitable permanent housing for largest
aircraft
CHANGE OF LOCATION OR
FACILITIES

FAA Notification is required

FAA may make conditions or limitations

while change is in progress
Satellite Repair Stations
 Same Rating as parent station

 In same country as parent station

 May share personnel & equipment,

EQUIPMENT, MATERIALS &
DATA
 Adequate to perform maintenance under
Part 43- (recommended by manufacturer)
 Test Equipment used to make airworthiness
determination calibrated
 Documents & Data necessary
– AD’s, Mfg’s Instructions, Maintenance
Manuals, Overhaul Manuals, etc.
PERSONNEL
REQUIREMENTS
 Accountable Manager
 Qualified Personnel to Plan, Supervise,
Perform and Approve for Return to Service
 Sufficient Number of Personnel
 Determine Abilities of Non Certificated
Personnel
SUPERVISORY PERSONNEL
 Sufficient number to direct and oversee
work
 Certified by FAA (inside U.S.)
 Certification (outside U.S.)
– 18 months experience
• Or
– Trained
Read, Write & Understand English
INSPECTION PERSONNEL
Familiar With:

Regulations,
Inspection Methods, Techniques, Equipment &
Tools
Proficient in Using Inspection Aids and Visual
Aids
Read, Write & Understand English
PERSONNEL FOR RETURN
TO SERVICE
 Inside the U.S.- Certificated by FAA
 Outside the U.S.-
– Trained in Techniques, or 18 Months Practical
Work Experience
– Familiar With Regulations & Proficient With
Methods, Practices, Tools & Equipment
 Read, Write & Understand English
REPAIRMAN
 Recommended by Repair Station

 Requirements of FAR Part 65.101

PERSONNEL RECORDS
 Roster of Supervisory  Summary of
& Management Employment
Personnel – Present Title
 Roster of Inspection – Total Years Experience
Personnel – Past Employment
 Personnel Authorized – Scope of Present
Employment
Maintenance Release
– Certificates Held
TRAINING REQUIREMENTS
 Training Program APPROVED by FAA

 Due to FAA April 6, 2005

 To assure each employee is capable and

qualified.
PRIVILEGES & LIMITATIONS
 Perform Maintenance  Not Maintain if not
 Contract to other rated
 Approve for RTS  Not RTS unless IAW
approved data
AIR CARRIER
 Must follow maintenance program
REPAIR STATION MANUAL
 Organizational Chart
– Management Positions
– Area of Responsibility
– Duties &
Responsibilities Only the positions with
the authority to act on
behalf of the repair
station need to be in
the chart.
NOMAD AVIATION
Organizational Chart

DIRECTOR
ACCOUNTABLE MANAGER

OPERATIONS MANAGER

CHIEF INSPECTOR

ENGINEERING
MANUAL CONTENTS
 Procedures to  Procedures for
Maintain & Revise – Revising Capability
Management Rosters List
– Self Evaluation
– Revising Training
 Description of
Program
Operation, Facilities,
– Work at another
Equipment & location
Materials – Work for Air Carrier
MANUAL CONTENTS
 Procedures for: 
– Maintaining &
Revising Contractor
Lists
– Records Keeping
System
– Revising Manual
– Control System of
Manual
QUALITY CONTROL
MANUAL
 Prepare & Keep A SYSTEM :
Current QC Manual To ensure to
airworthiness of
articles the repair
 Follow QC Manual station
OR
any of its contractors
performs maintenance
on
 QUALITY CONTROL
MANUAL


 Procedures for:
– Incoming Raw
Materials
– Preliminary Inspection
– Hidden Damage
Inspection
QUALITY CONTROL
MANUAL
 Procedures to: – Final Inspection &
– Establish & Maintain Return to Service
Proficiency of – Calibrating Measuring
Inspection Personnel & Test Equipment
– Establish & Maintain – Corrective Actions on
Current Technical Data Deficiencies
– Qualifying & – References to
Surveilling Non Manufacturer’s
Certificated Persons Inspection &
Maintenance Standards
QUALITY CONTROL
MANUAL
 Procedures
– Sample of Inspection
& Maintenance Forms
– Revise & Control
Quality Manual
– Notification to FAA of
Revisions
INSPECTION of
MAINTENANCE
 Repair Station must
Inspect each article
 Must Certify on
Release to Service
– Article is Airworthy
CAPABILITY LIST
 Articles listed on  List Managed by
Capability List or Repair Station
Operations
Specifications  Self Evaluation
 Identify each Article
by Make & Model
 Notify FAA of
 Within Scope &
revisions.
Rating of Repair
Station
CONTRACT MAINTENANCE
 Other Certificate  Non Certificated
Holder – Quality System
– FAA Approves – Repair Station is
function Directly in Charge
– Maintain list of – Repair Station
functions Tests/Inspects
– Name of each
Contractor – May Not Contract
Entire Type
Certificated Product
RECORD KEEPING

 Far Part 43 Compliance

 Format Acceptable to FAA
 Provide Copy of Completed Work Order to
Customer
 Keep All Records Minimum Two Years
 Make Records Available to FAA / NTSB
REQUIRED REPORTS
 Failure, Malfunction  May Report for Part
or Defect 121, 135 or 125
– Aircraft Registration Certificate Holder
Number
– T/M/M Article
 No Duplicate Reports
– Date of Discovery
– Nature of Defect
– Apparent Cause
FAA INSPECTIONS

 Must Allow FAA to

Inspect at Any Time

 Contractors Must
Allow FAA to Inspect
at Any Time
 CERTIFICATION FAR’s
 FAR Part 21: Certification Procedures for Products and Parts
 FAR Part 23: Airworthiness Standards-Normal, Utility,
Acrobatic & Commuter

 FAR Part 25: Transport Category

 FAR Part 27: Normal Category Rotorcraft
 FAR Part 29: Transport Category Rotorcraft
 FAR Part 31: Manned Free Balloons
 FAR Part 33: Aircraft Engines
 CERTIFICATION FAR’S

 Far Part 35: Propellers

 FAR Part 36: Noise Standards
 FAR Part 39: Airworthiness Directives
 FAR Part 45: Identification & Registration Marking
 FAR Part 47: Aircraft Registration
 FAR PART 129

 Foreign Air Carriers and Foreign Operators

of United States Registered Aircraft
Operating in Common Carriage
 FOREIGN AIR CARRIERS
 Must have :

 Department of Transportation Authority

– (business license)

 Operations Specifications from FAA

– (safety authority)
 FOREIGN OPERATORS
 United States Registered Aircraft

 FAA Approved Maintenance Program

 FAA Approved Minimum Equipment List

 OTHER REQUIREMENTS
 Flight Crew-  X-Ray Systems
Certificates Must  Flight Deck Security
Match Aircraft  No Smoking
Registration
 Special Maintenance
 TCAS
Program
 Air Traffic Rules Requirements
 Digital Flight Data  Aging Airplane
Recorders Inspections And
 Dispatch Control Records Reviews
 Airplane Security
THE END