Ungrouped Data

• Ungrouped data has not been classified or has not been subdivided in
the form of groups. This type of data is totally the raw data.
• Ungrouped data is just in the form of number list. It is the data collected
in original form. We can say that ungrouped data is an array of numbers.

For example: The marks scored obtained by 20 students in an examination

are as follows:
25, 37, 8, 40, 45, 29, 42, 12, 25, 16, 20, 36, 30, 33, 24, 24, 11, 35, 30, 45.

The shoe sizes of 10 people in a survey are:

8, 9, 9, 7, 10, 6, 7, 8, 9, 7
An ungrouped data can be converted into grouped data by
noting down their frequencies and by rearranging them into
class-intervals according to the requirement of the
experiment. In this page, we are going to focus only on
ungrouped data. We shall study about the computation of
basic statistical concepts, such as - mean, median, mode,
standard deviation and variance, for ungrouped data.
 Mean of Ungrouped Data

• The mean is defined as the average value of the data.

It is the value that is representative of all the values in a
data set. It is calculated arithmetically similar to the
calculation of average. Thus, the mean is also known
as arithmetic mean or average. The statistical mean of
the ungrouped data can be found by finding by sum of
the given values and dividing it by total number of
values. The mean is a type of measures of central
tendency.
The formula for the calculation of the mean of ungrouped data is given below:

Mean
= Sum of observationsTotal number of observationsSum of observationsTotal numb
er of observations

Let us suppose that total "n" numbers given in ungrouped data

are x1,x2,...,xnx1,x2,...,xn. The mean of these observations will be given by

x¯x¯ = x1+x2+...+xnnx1+x2+...+xnn

This can also be written as:

x¯x¯ = ∑ni=1xin∑i=1nxin

Where, x¯x¯ denotes the mean of the data.

 Median of Ungrouped Data

• Median is defined as the mid value of the data set. It is a

value that falls in the middle-most position of the whole
data. Median of an ungrouped data is determined by
arranging the given numbers in ascending order and then
selecting exactly middle value. In other words, the median
is the value that divides the observations (in ascending
order) into two equal divisions. The median is a kind of
measures of central tendency.
The formulas for calculating the median of an ungrouped data which has total
"n" number of observations arranged in increasing order, are:

Case I: When n is odd

Median = (n+12)th(n+12)th observation

Case II: When n is Even

Median = (n2)th(n2)th observationobservation + (n2n2 + 1)thth observation
 Mode of Ungrouped Data

• The mode is defined the value that most frequently occurs in

the given data; i.e. the number whose frequency is more than
others, is called the mode. It is usually denoted by "Z".
• In order to find the mode of an ungrouped data, we have to
find the frequency of each number in the given data set. Then,
we have to choose the number having the highest frequency as
the mode. The mode is also one of the three measures of
central tendency. We can write as:
Mode = Value with highest frequency
 Standard Deviation of Ungrouped Data

• The concept of standard deviation plays a vital role during the

study of variability of statistical data. It is the most widely used
measure of dispersion. Standard Deviation determines how far
the numbers are spread out in the given data set. It may be
calculated as the square root (positive) of the average of the
squared deviations from arithmetic mean of the given data.
Standard deviation is denoted by the Greek letter "σσ" which
is pronounced as "sigma".
Let us suppose that an ungrouped data has n observations which are
given by x1,x2,...,xnx1,x2,...,xn whose mean is x¯x¯.

Then, the formulas for standard deviation of an ungrouped data are:

Case I: When the sample data is given

σσ = ∑ni=1(xi−x¯)2n−1−−−−−−−−√∑i=1n(xi−x¯)2n−1

Case II: When the population data is given

σσ = ∑ni=1(xi−x¯)2n−−−−−−−−√∑i=1n(xi−x¯)2n
 Variance of Ungrouped Data
• The standard deviation and variance are two quite closely-related concepts. They both are
measures of dispersion. Variance is calculated by squaring the standard deviation. It is denoted
by σ2σ2. The variance of an ungrouped data is found by determining the average squared
deviation of each observation from its mean position. Thus, we may related standard deviation
and variance is the following way:

Standard Deviation = variance−−−−−−−√variance

Let us assume that an ungrouped data x1,x2,...,xnx1,x2,...,xn has total n number of observations.
Their mean is x¯x¯.
Then, the formulas for variance of an ungrouped data are illustrated below:

Case I: For sample data

σ2σ2 = ∑ni=1(xi−x¯)2n−1∑i=1n(xi−x¯)2n−1

Case II: For population data

σ2σ2 = ∑ni=1(xi−x¯)2n∑i=1n(xi−x¯)2n
Example

The examples based on the calculations of ungrouped data are given below:

Example 1: Find the mean, median and mode for the following ungrouped data:
6, 5, 5, 7, 4, 8 3, 4, 4

Solution: 4, 6, 5, 5, 7, 4, 8, 3, 4, 4

Calculation of Mean:

Number of observations = 10

x¯x¯ = x1+x2+...+xnnx1+x2+...+xnn

x¯x¯ = 4+6+5+5+7+4+8+3+4+4n4+6+5+5+7+4+8+3+4+4n
x¯x¯ = 50105010 = 5
• Calculation of Median:
Ascending order:
3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 7, 8
Since n is even, hence
Median
= (n2)th observation+(n2+1)th observation2(n2)th observation+(n2+1)th obs
ervation2

• = (102)th observation+(102+1)th observation2(102)th observation+(102+1)th

observation2

• = 5th observation+6th observation25th observation+6th observation2

• = 4+524+52
• = 4.5