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A Rehabilitation of RCC - PSC Bridges
A Rehabilitation of RCC - PSC Bridges
RCC/PSC BRIDGES
IRBM PROVISIONS
PARA 211 2 (a)
External pre-stressing of concrete girders in longitudinal and
vertical directions can be successfully adopted as a
strengthening measure.
Vertical pre-stressing may be adopted to prevent separation of
deck slabs which are generally cast-in-situ over pre-cast girders.
Longitudinal pre-stressing may be adopted to strengthen the
girder and to increase it’s flexural strength. Longitudinal pre-
stressing may be resorted to in cases where girders are
required to carry increased loads or the existing pre-stressed
cables have deteriorated.
IRBM PROVISIONS
PARA 211 2 (b)
Established techniques such as external
bonding of steel plates etc. can also be adopted
for which special literature may be referred
CONCEPT
Strengthening scheme should
achieve ‘Compatibility’ and
‘Continuity’ in the structural behavior
between original and repaired
structure
Strengthening effect can participate
primarily only for live loads and
subsequently imposed loads
METHODS
Replacing poor quality or defective
material
Replacement of Concrete/ Reinforcement
Replacement of girder
Attaching additional load bearing member
Additional supplementary member
Adding external RCC
Epoxy bonded steel plates
Fiber Wrap
Adding external pre-stress
Adding additional supplementary pre-stress
Various combination of above
Replacement of Concrete
RCC
To be done after unloading of
Structure
PSC
To be done after loading of
Structure
Replacement of girder
High skill operation
Cut through slab, diaphragms and lift
the girder
Girder can be cut in middle and can be
removed from below
New girder to be nearly of same type
as original, cambers should match
Cast slab and diaphragms
Additional
Supplementary Member
Additional Girder
Additional transverse support
Adding External RCC
Overlays
RCC Structure
After unloading structure
PSC Structure
Apply preload, repair concrete and
construct concrete corbels, after
attaining strength- remove preload
Epoxy bonded steel
plates
Studies done primarily by the “Swiss
Federal Material testing Institute”
Enlarge total reinforcement cross
section by bonding additional plates
Provides flexural and shear strength
Any grade of steel plates is suitable
Thickness preferably between 3mm
to 6mm
Application potential
• Insufficient reinforcement
• Increase of load
• Corrosion of reinforcement
• Change of code or in use
• Excessive deflections
• Structural/Fire damage
• Seismic upgrade
Epoxy bonded steel
plates
Sand blast steel plate surface
Apply solvent type primer with epoxy
base and wrap sheets in polyethylene
film to protect against corrosion
Resin NUVOKAT – PRIMER YELLOW
630.1.4.0005, Hardener NUVOKAT
875.0.0.0001/2, Thinner 990.0.0.0152 by
Dr. W. Maeder AG
Two coats of 30 microns each
Sandblast, grind concrete surface
Epoxy bonded steel
plates
Fill cavities with epoxy mortar, finish
surface within deviation of 5 mm in
4m
Mix adhesive and apply in 1mm to
3mm thickness on steel plate
Epoxy resin adhesive XB 3074 A/B
– Viscosity 6.5 mPa s at 25 C
– Pot life at 20 c 60 min
– Compressive Strength 800 Kg/cm2
– Bending Tensile 250 Kg/cm2
– E 6200 Kg/cm2
Epoxy Bonded Steel
Plates
Press steel plate against concrete
Cover butt joints with same thickness
plate, 40 cm overlap is OK for 3 mm plate
Matures after about 7 days
Apply Anti- weathering paint on exposed
steel surface
NUVOKAT LW enamel, glossy, chromium
oxide, green 563.8.7.0001 by Dr. W. Maeder
AG
Two coats of 30 microns each
Epoxy Bonded Carbon
Laminate
Same as steel plates
Properties are better than steel
plates
Steel vs. Composites
Steel Composite
• Low material cost • High material cost
• High installed cost • Low installed cost
• Corrosive • Non-corrosive
• Heavy • Lightweight
• Fabrication required • No fabrication required
• High maintenance • Low maintenance
CASE STUDY USING
CARBON LAMINATES
Sika CarboDur Plates
• Type S, M and H
• Width of Plates: 50 - 150 mm
• Thickness of Plates: 1,2 - 1,4 mm
Sikadur 30
• Structural Epoxy Adhesive
Mechanical Properties
Sika CarboDur Sika CarboDur Sika CarboDur
S M N
Sikadur® -30
Structural Epoxy Adhesive
• Br No. 29 - Sealdah Division. ER
• Span: 7 nos RCC T-beams of
10.80 m span
Age- Only 40 years
• Problems-
•Corrosion and spalling
•Cavities in end beams
•Delamination of concrete.
• Earlier repairs with cement mortar,
epoxy mortar, shot creating were not
effective.
PROCEDURE
• Remove damaged concrete and
wash loose particles
• Additional reinforcements by
welding and painting
Damaged beam of distressed bridge-reinforcement totally
exposed and corroded. Earlier repairs not holding at all.
Additional bars and stirrups are being welded.
After cleaning and welding of reinforcements, the bars attended with ARMATEC-108
PROCEDURE
• Fill cavities with grouting
SIKA :
Product : SIKAWRAP
KRISHNA CONCHEM
Product : Gold bond 121
MBT
Product : M Brace composite strengthening system
KEY APPLICATION AREAS
Deep pointing
Plastering
Epoxy grouting was done along the crack
Cement grouting in the other areas
Wrapping done in two layers
UV resistant coating
Work done in 40 days during july, 2005
y
concrete infill
steel jacket corners removed
plate
original
grout gap 25mm column
Rectangular column
(elliptical jacket)
Circular column
Corners
removed
Confining stirrups
Rebar
Doweled
Into
footing
Rectangular column
Circular column (section)
(elevation)
as-built
as-built
link beam
retrofitted retrofitted
• If link beam has high strength, plastic hinges are formed in the columns,
above and below the link beam and the column requires strengthening by
jacketing
ADDING EXTERNAL PRE-STRESS
Apply-
preload, repair concrete,
after attaining strength- remove
preload. Construct jacking
corbels and post tension
Advantages
Can be done under traffic
Useful for all materials having good compressive
strength
Adds no extra weight
Access to be created for anchoring and
deviation points
Application differs from structure to structure
CASE STUDIES
CAUVERY BRIDGE
CAUVERY BRIDGE
External cable
CAUVERY BRIDGE
Load Test
CAUVERY BRIDGE
Anchorage
CAUVERY BRIDGE
CAUVERY BRIDGE
Anchor in position
CAUVERY BRIDGE
Los Chorros Viaduct
(Venezuela)
Span- 40/60/120/60/40
Built in- 1969
Problems
– Mid span deflection- 410mm
– Deflected shape exhibited sharp edge
– Cracks of 1 to 1.5 mm near closure pour
Reasons
– Higher superimposed loads
– Design defects
– Insufficient pre-camber
Los Chorros
Viaduct(Venezuela)
Rehabilitation Plan
Replacement of heavy parapets by light weight
parapets
Provision of variable thickness surfacing to smoothen
sharp kink at mid span
External pre-stressing
R.C brackets to support
Longitudinal View bent tube ends
Motorway Viaduct, Holl
(Switzerland)
Span- 31 to 35m (total 404m)
Problems
– Cracks near supports
– Deterioration of expansion joints
Rehabilitation plan
– Convert simply supported spans in continuous span
– Pre stressed concrete jackets over pier
– Web thickening
– Additional Diaphragm
– Bottom compression slab
Stadium Beam (Georgia)
Adding additional
supplementary pre-stress
RCC
PSC
Apply preload, repair concrete, after attaining
strength- remove preload. Install metal sleeve
jacket and epoxy grout
Drill holes and apply pre-stress in transverse
direction