Supplement S15

Acceptance
Sampling
To Accompany Russell and Taylor, Operations Management, 4th Edition,  2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
Acceptance Sampling
 Accept/reject entire lot based on
sample results
 Not consistent with TQM or
Zero Defects
 Measures quality in
percent defective

To Accompany Russell and Taylor, Operations Management, 4th Edition,  2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
 Single–Sample Attribute
Plan
Guidelines for accepting lot
Single sampling plan
N = lot size
n = sample size (random)
c = acceptance number
d = number of defective items in sample
If d ≤ c, accept lot; else reject

To Accompany Russell and Taylor, Operations Management, 4th Edition,  2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
 Producer’s and
Consumer’s Risk
AQL = acceptable quality level,
the proportion defect the customer will
accept
LTPD = lot tolerance percent defective,
the limit on the number of defectives the
customer will accept
TYPE I ERROR = P(reject good lot)
 or producer’s risk, 5% is common
TYPE II ERROR = P(accept bad lot)
 or consumer’s risk, 10% is typical value
To Accompany Russell and Taylor, Operations Management, 4th Edition,  2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
Operating Characteristic
(OC) Curve
 Shows probability of lot acceptance
 Based on
 Sampling plan
 Quality level of lot
 Indicates discriminating power of
plan

To Accompany Russell and Taylor, Operations Management, 4th Edition,  2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
Operating Characteristic Curve
1.00 –
 = 0.05

0.80 –
Probability of acceptance, Pa

0.60 –

OC curve for n and c

0.40 –

0.20 –

 = 0.10
| | | | | | | | | |
0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.20
Proportion defective
Figure S15.1 AQL LTPD
To Accompany Russell and Taylor, Operations Management, 4th Edition,  2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
Sampling Plan and OC Curve

Exhibit S15.1
To Accompany Russell and Taylor, Operations Management, 4th Edition,  2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
Sampling Plan and OC Curve

Exhibit S15.2 To Accompany Russell and Taylor, Operations Management, 4th Edition,  2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
Average Outgoing Quality
(AOQ)
 Expected number of defective items
passed to customer
 Average outgoing quality limit
(AOQL) is
 Maximum point on AOQ curve

To Accompany Russell and Taylor, Operations Management, 4th Edition,  2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
 AOQ Curve

Exhibit S15.3 To Accompany Russell and Taylor, Operations Management, 4th Edition,  2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
 Double Sampling Plans
 Take small initial sample
 If # defective < lower limit, accept
 If # defective > upper limit, reject
 If # defective between limits, take
second sample
 Accept or reject based on 2 samples
 Less costly than single-sampling
plans

To Accompany Russell and Taylor, Operations Management, 4th Edition,  2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
 Multiple (Sequential)
Sampling Plans
 Uses smaller sample sizes
 Take initial sample
 If # defective < lower limit, accept
 If # defective > upper limit, reject
 If # defective between limits, resample
 Continue sampling until accept or
reject lot based on all sample data

To Accompany Russell and Taylor, Operations Management, 4th Edition,  2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
 Choosing a Sampling
Method
 An economic decision
 Single sampling plans
 High sampling costs
 Double/Multiple sampling plans
 Low sampling costs

To Accompany Russell and Taylor, Operations Management, 4th Edition,  2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.