THE NATURAL

SETTING AND IT’S

PEOPLE
Report in History and Geography: Part 2
By Markhill Veran Tiosan
BEEd – I
Ms. Deovelyn Amato Bejo
Professor:
CONTENTS
1. The beginning of Earth

2. Geological Foundation

3. The Archipelago`s name

4. Geography and Resources

5. Country`s Climate

6. The Filipino People

7. Theories on the Origin of the Filipinos

HOW THE EARTH WAS
IN THE BEGINNING?
THE BEGINNING OF EARTH
 In the beginning, God
created heaven and the
earth (Genesis 1:1). God
created the man in his own
image, male and female:
Adam and Eve, the first
man and woman that
became the progenitors of
mankind.
 In Filipino mythology,
creation stories were
popularized by various
tribal groups of the
islands. Bathala(god of
the sky); Aman
Sinaya(goddess of the
sea); and
Amihan(northeast wind)
were the only beings that
existed.
 The story of ‘’Malakas and
Maganda’’.
 Based on Visayan legend, there was a mythical
bird named Manaul searching for a place to rest
but cannot to find one.

 Then he pleaded the God of the sea might in

Kaptan and the God of the air Magauayan to
help him.

 The Gods, asserting their might in answering the

birds request, showed their strength. The God of
the sea created tidal waves to bit the sky.
 Legend and Myths at times
provide a financial counter
part to actual explanations
of things and events. The
legend of Bernardo
Carpio, called Hari ng mga
tagalog(King of all tagalog)
prevents an imaginative
explanation of how the
country was shaken by
earthquakes . The analytical
study of geology commenced
with the publication of
James Hutton
 James Hutton -
The analytical study of
geology commenced with
the publication of James
Hutton’s Theory of the
Earth in 1795.
 1726-1797 he is a British
geologist formulated the
remained constant.
Taking the hydrologic
cycle for instance,
condensation always
precede precipitation.
 Process such as volcanism and erosion that have
caused changes the earth’s surface have been
operating in the same manner over a very long
period of time.
 He rejected the theory of Contastrophism which
was prevailing belief during his time.
  Alfred Wagener
– (1880-1930)
German meteorologist,
also noted his inquiry
regarding the three
continents which
Ortelius had noticed
300 years ago.

 He postulated that these continents had simply

drifted apart over million of years.
 ‘’The origin of the continents and Ocean’’ ,
Published in 1915, he named the supercontinent
Pangea, a Greek word meaning all land.
 Pangea begun breaking up approximately 200 or
250 million years ago, earlier into a northern
portion which named laurasia and a southern
portion, termed Gondwanaland by the Austria
geologist Eduard Suess.
 Arthur Holmes –
(1890-1965)
A British geologist
advocated support for
Wagener’s Theory in
1928.
He proposed that the convection currents within
the earth’s mantle driven by radioactive heat
might have caused the mechanism for
continental drift.
 In the 1950’s, scientist began oceanographic
research which revealed the phenomenon known
as seafloor spreading. In the 1960’s, the theory of
plate tectonic was established.
THE GEOLOGICAL
FOUNDATION OF THE
PHILIPPINES
GEOLOGICAL FOUNDATION
 The planet earth is between 4.6 and 4.8 billion
years BP. The first Dinosaurs were believed to
have appeared around 225 million years ago.
 The Philippine soil is composed of numerous
rocks which came from regions far from the
archipelago’s present location. It was during the
tertiary period (54 million years BP) of the
Cenozoic era that the land structure of the
Philippines was defined as looking like a nymph
lying across the ocean.
 In the northern part, the Phil. Archipelago was
believed to adjoined to Formosa(now Taiwan)
during the Eocene(53—54 million yrs BP) And
Oligocene Epoch(37-38 million years BP).
 However , the Formosan
connection was severed
during the Miocene
Epoch(26 million years
BP).
 As a connection with
other areas changed, the
internal structure of the
archipelago also  Pleistocene Epoch(1.6
underwent changes with million-10,000 years BP),
the flattening of the the first division of the
crustal surface of the quaternary period, is the
higher grounds during epoike the prior to the
the Pliocene Epoch(7-13 Holocene Epoch(10,000
million years BP). years BP to the present).
 Some historians claim that the Philippines is a
remnant of a lost continent in the pacific called
Mu or Lemuria, the other remnants are
Marianas and other mid-pacific islands.
 The adherents of the
PACIFIC or
MAGNETIC THEORY
say that the Philippines
came into existence
after the eruptions of
volcanoes beneath the
pacific ocean the pacific
ocean

 Sheets melted, causing the sea level to rise

and submerge the land bridges that had
connected the Philippines and the Asian
mainland
 During the glacial periods, ocean levels were
much lower, thereupon, exposing the Sunda
Shelf and the Sahul Shelf. These are extensions
of continents otherwise known as continental
shelves.
THE ARCHIPELAGO'S
NAME…
THE ARCHIPELAGO’S NAME
 During the Sung Dynasty with Chau Jukua, a
Chinese trade traditional official in 982 A.D. the
Philippines was referred as Ma-Yi. Chau Jukua gave
a detailed account of his travel to various part of the
islands in 1225.

 In 1521, Ferdinand
Magellan named the
islands as ISLAS DE
SAN LAZARO
(Archipelagos of st.
Lazaros).
 The name Philippines came from the word
FILIPINAS given by the Spanish navigator Lopez
Ruy De Villalobos in 1543 in honor of Prince
Philip of Asturias, who became King Philip II,
successor to king Charles.

King Philip II
 The word Filipinas was at first
given by Villalobos’s men to
refer to Leyte and Samar. Later
it was given to the whole
archipelago.
 In 1752, Fr. Juan J. Delgado,
a Jesuit historian called, Pearl of
the Orient it became a rich outlet
of Asia.

 Dr. Jose P. Rizal, the

country’s foremost her,
gave the name Pearl of
the Orient Seas to his
native land on the eve of
his execution in 1896.
  The name FILIPINAS first
appeared in a rare map
published in Venice in 1554 by
Giovanni Battista Ramusio,
an Italian geographer.

 Artemio Ricarte, a
katipunan general, wanted
to be called the islands as
Rizaline Republic, after
Jose Rizal.
 Former President
Ferdinand Marcos
proposed the name
Maharlika (also
name of his guerilla
group in world war
II) after his dream of
making this nation
great again.
GEOGRAPHY AND
RESOURCES
GEOGRAPHY
 The Philippines, found in the western pacific ocean,
has an astronomical is location of 4°23`-21°25`N
Latitude and 116°-127°E Longitude. It is situated in
the southern portion of Asia. Because of it’s central
location far East, The Philippines has been dubbed
as the ‘’Crossroad of the Pacific’’.
 The country is consist of 7,107 islands and islets
with the total land area of 300,000 square
kilometers
 Manila is the CapitaLand largest city of the
country. In 1948, Quezon City was declared as the
capital of the Phil. but on may 29, 1976, President
Ferdinand Marcos’ Decree No. 940 returned the
national capital to manila (a nation capital since
1595).
 Luzon, the biggest of the three major geographical
groups, has an area of 142,395 square kilometers.
 Visayas has an area of 56,606 square kilometers.

 Mindanao has an area of 101,999 square

kilometers.
 The northern most point of the country is Y’Ami
Isle, which is 78 miles from Taiwan. The Southern
most point is Salaug Isle, only 34 miles East of
Borneo.
 The Country has 17 Regions which include the
Ilocos Region, Cagayan Region, Central Luzon,
Southern Tagalog, (CALABARZON and
MIMAROPA).
PHILIPPINE
RESOURCES
 Tamaraw or Bubalus
Mindorensis – Which looks
like a dwarf Carabao found
in Mindoro.

 Tarsier – The smallest

monkey in the world
found in Bohol.
 Calamian Deer or Cervus Calamianensis –
(Pilandok) found in Palawan, the world’s smallest
deer also called a mouse deer.
 There are about 25,000 species of insects in the
islands, the largest insect in the country is the
Giant Moth (Attacus Atlas), with a wingspan of
Philippines one foot.
 Other interesting birds in the Philippines is
Philippine Falconet, only six and a half
centimeters long, may fairly common on Luzon,
Mindanao, Mindoro and Visayas.
 There are 2,140 species of Philippine fishes, among
the commercially known fish found in numerous
fishing grounds are the following:
 Bangus (Milkfish)
 Dalag (Mudfish)
 Dilis (Anchovy)
 Lapu-lapu (Sea brass)
 Galunggung (roung scad)
 Tanguingi (Mackerel)
 Tamban (Indian Sardines)
 Bariles (Tuna)
 Tawilis (Harenguela Tawilis) – Found in Lake
taal, Batangas.
 Sinarapan (Mestichthys Luzonensis) – Found in
lake buhi and lake bato, Camarines Sur 1-1.4
centimeter
 Pygmy Goby (Pandaka Pygmea) – Also known
as Tabios and the world’s seas smallest
vertibrate which ranges from 7.5-11 millileters,
found in Navotas and Malabon rivers.
 Whale Shark (Rhincodon typus)– found in
nearby seas of the Donsol and south-eastern part
of Luzon. The largest confirmed individual had a
length of 12.65 m (41.50 ft) and a weight of more
than 21.5 metric tons (47,000 lb)
Pandaka Pygmea Bangus

Dalag
Bariles

Tamban

Galunggung
BEAUTIFUL
LANDMARKS
 The Banaue Rice
Terraces (Filipino: Hagdan-
hagdang Palayan ng Banawe)
are 2,000-year-old terraces that
were carved into the mountains
of Ifugao in thePhilippines by
ancestors of the indigenous
people. The Rice Terraces are
commonly referred to by
Filipinos as the "Eighth
Wonder of the World".
It is commonly thought that the terraces were built with
minimal equipment, largely by hand. The terraces are located
approximately 1500 metres (5000 ft) above sea level. They are
fed by an ancient irrigation system from the rainforests above
the terraces. It is said that if the steps were put end to end, it
would encircle half the globe.
 The Chocolate Hills is a
geological formation in Bohol
Province, Philippines. There
are at least 1,260 hills but
there may be as many as
1,776 hills spread over an
area of more than 50 square
kilometres (20 sq mi). They
are covered in
green grass that turns brown
(like chocolate) during the
dry season, hence the name.
The Chocolate Hills is a famous tourist attraction of Bohol. They
are featured in theprovincial flag and seal to symbolize the
abundance of natural attractions in the province.They are in the
Philippine Tourism Authority's list of tourist destinations in the
Philippines; they have been declared the country's third National
Geological Monument and proposed for inclusion in
the UNESCO World Heritage List.
  Mayon Volcano, also
known as Mount
Mayon, is
an active volcano in
theprovince of Albay, on
the island of Luzon in
the Philippines.
Renowned as the "perfect
cone" because of its
almost symmetric conical
shape, the mountain was
declared a national
park and a protected
landscape on July 20,
Local Philippine folklore refers to the 1938, the first in the
volcano as Bulkang Mayon (Bikol:
country. It was
reclassified a Natural
"Mayon volcano"), after the Park and
legendary heroine Daragang renamed Mayon Volcano
Magayon (Bikol: "Beautiful Lady") Natural Park in the year
2000.
OTHER RESOURCES
 The Malampaya Deepwater
Gas-to-Power project is the
first undertaking of its kind in
the Philippines employing
state-of-the-art deepwater
technology to draw natural gas
from deep beneath Philippine
waters. The indigenous gas
fuels three natural gas-fired
power stations with a total
generating capacity of 2,700
megawatts to provide 40-45%
of Luzon's power generation
requirements.
 Since October 2001, the Natural gas has the least
Philippines has been CO2 among fossil fuels and is
importing less fuel for power more efficient than other
generation, providing the sources of power like coal and
country foreign-exchange
savings and energy security crude oil.
from this clean fuel.
 Pterocarpus indicus (Amboine, Pashu Padauk, Malay
Paduak, New Guinea Rosewood, or,
ambiguously, "Narra" which can refer to
several Pterocarpus species) is a species of
Pterocarpus native to southeastern Asia,
northern Australasia, and the western Pacific
Oceanislands, in Cambodia, southernmost China, East
Timor, Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea,
the Philippines, the Ryukyu Islands, the Solomon
Islands, Thailand, and Vietnam. Other names
include Narra (Philippines), Sonokembang (Indonesia),
Angsana or Sena(Indonesia, Malaysia
and Singapore), Tnug (Cambodia).
 Pterocarpus indicus was one of the two species (the
other being Eysenhardtia polystacha) used as a source
for the 16th to 18th-century traditional diuretic known
as lignum nephriticum.
 Many populations of Pterocarpus indicus are
seriously threatened. It is extinct in Vietnam and
possibly in Sri Lanka and the Peninsular
Malaysia.
 It is the national tree of the Philippines.
 Malungay or Moringa oleifera is the most
widely cultivated species of the genus Moringa,
which is the only genus in the family Moringaceae.
English common names
include: moringa, drumstick tree (from the
appearance of the long, slender, triangular seed-
pods), horseradish tree from the taste of the
roots, which resembles horseradish), ben
oil tree or benzoil tree from the oil which is
derived from the seeds). It is a fast-
growing, drought-resistant tree, native to the
southern foothills of the Himalayas in
northwestern India, and widely cultivated in
tropical and sub-tropical areas where its young
seed pods and leaves are used as a vegetable.
Malungay or Moringa Oleifera
COUNTRY’S CLIMATE
COUNTRY’S CLIMATE
 The Philippine is situated at the torrid zone,
has a tropical climate with a mean annual
temperature of about 27°C (about 80°F).
 Mountain slopes and peaks found in in lake buhi
and lake bato are cooler.
 The country has two seasons the dry and wet, In
most of the islands, rainy occurs from May to
November. During this period, the wind blows
from southwest. Often, the country experiences
typhoons from the months of June to October.
 The Dry season occurs from December to April,
when the wind blows from the northwest.
 When typhoon signal no. 2 is hoisted, classes at the pre-
school, elementary and secondary levels in all public and
private schools are automatically suspended.

 In 2007, the National Disaster Coordinating Council

(NDCC) issued a memorandum starting the information
from the Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and
Astronomical Services Administration (PAG-ASA) could
be use as basis to recommended decisions to the
Department of Education (DepEd) and Commission on
Higher Education(CHED) concerning suspension of
classes
THE FILIPINO PEOPLE
THE FILIPINO PEOPLE
 In 2002, Philippine population is estimated at 78
million.
 The Filipino people is a harmonious mixture of
diversity and homogeneity.
 Filipinos are blends of their forefathers from
Malay, Chinese, Negrito, Indian, European and
American lineage.
 The Intermarriage of a Filipino and Foreigner did
happen, owing to the strategic location of the
country to southeast Asian neighbors and the
colonial rule of Spain and American.
 The intermingling of people resulting to adaption of
different cultures made the country a melting pot of
people and culture.
 Since the 19th century, Filipinos have been referred
to as the Christianized Malays who constitute the
bulk of the population.
 The Cebuanos, Ilonggos, and Waray-waray comprise a
big number among the Visayans.
 The Ilocanos are considered the 3rd biggest group,
they live particularly in Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur and
La Union but many have migrated locally and
abroad.
 The Kalingas tattoo their bodies as a sign of bravery.
For them prestige can achieved through oratorical
ability.
 The Isnegs, like the Kalingas tattoo their bodies as a
status symbol, The earliest residents of Apayao
Province (Cordillera Administrative Region) and one
of the remaining tribes in Luzon, the Isneg are a
small ethnoliguistic group inhabiting the wide
mountains of the area.
 The Igorots live on root crops grown in their yard
and on wild pigs, deer and the tribesman.
 The Aetas have already established their intimate
relationship with the woodlands as forest foragers
and hunters.
 Filipino (Formerly spelled Pilipino) is the
national language of the people although a good
number of them are conversant in English. The
English language is commonly used for
government, commercial and instructional
purpose.
THEORIES ON THE
ORIGIN OF FILIPINOS
THEORIES ON THE ORIGIN OF FILIPINOS
 The Migration
Theory of Henry Otley
Beyer, regarding the
peopling of archipelago
became the most
widely known version
in Philippine
prehistoric,.. According
to him, The ancestors
of Filipinos came in
wave of migration.
 First to reach the Archipelagos was the caveman
‘’Dawn Man’’ for he emerge on the islands at the
dawn of time.
 Beyer’s Migration Theory became popular and
unquestioned for quite a number of years.
Presently, the so-called Wave Of Migration is now
being dismissed.
 Southeast Asia people shared many customs and
traditions with out any ethnic group the Asian in
habitants anti ethnic groups. In place of
migration theory, modern scholars suggest the
so-called CORE POPULATION THEORY.
According to this theory, the habitants of the
Philippines consist of a core population to w/c
came accretions of people who moved in from the
region.
 The movements of people who moved in from the
region. The movements of people were erratic
rather than in sequential waves.
 They used similarity fashioned tools, pottery and
ornaments; and upheld common beliefs and
rituals.
 If there were some differences, these may be due
to some factors like adaption to the environment.
 Furthermore, the immigrants did not come into
the archipelago in a fixed period of time nor with
a definite destination.
THANK YOU!!! 