UNIT-1

Strings
• String: The collection of elements is known as string. A
string is sequence of characters.
How to create a string in Python?
Strings can be created by enclosing characters inside a single
quote or double quotes. Even triple quotes can be used in
Python but generally used to represent multiline strings.
Example: my_string = “Hello”
print(my_string)
my_string=“””Hello, welcome to the world of
python”””
print(my_string)
Output: Hello
Hello, welcome to the world of python
 How to access characters in a string?
• We can access individual characters using indexing and a
range of characters using slicing. Index starts from 0. Trying to
access a character out of index range will raise an IndexError.
The index must be an integer. We can't use float or other
types, this will result into TypeError.

• The index of -1 refers to the last item, -2 to the second last

item and so on. We can access a range of items in a string by
using the slicing operator .
• str = 'programiz'print('str = ', str)
#first character
print('str[0] = ', str[0])
#last character
print('str[-1] = ', str[-1])
#slicing 2nd to 5th character
print('str[1:5] = ', str[1:5])
#slicing 6th to 2nd last character
print('str[5:-2] = ', str[5:-2])
 String operators
• There are many operations that can be performed with string
which makes it one of the most used data type in python.
1. Concatenation “+”
2. Repeatation “*”
3. In
4. Not in
5. Range[n:m]
6. Slice[]
• Concatenation of Two or More Strings
Joining of two or more strings into a single one is called
concatenation.
• The + operator does this in Python. Simply writing two string
literals together also concatenates them.
• The * operator can be used to repeat the string for a given
number of times.
Example: str1 = 'Hello‘
str2 ='World!‘
# using +
print('str1 + str2 = ', str1 + str2)
# using *
print('str1 * 3 =', str1 * 3)
• Output:
str1 + str2 = HelloWorld!
str1 * 3 = HelloHelloHello
• Membership string:
In and not in : you can use in and not in operators to check
existence of string in another string. They are also known as
membership operator.
S1=“Welcome”
“Come” is in s1
Output: True
S2=“Going”
“wel” is in s1
Output: False
• Not in:
a= “mounika”
“munni” is not in a
Output: True
b=“sneha1”
“sneha” is not in b
Output: False
• Slice[] operator: you can take subset of string
from original string by using[] operator also
known as slicing operator.
in slice[] function elements can be accessing to
the string using index position numbers
Example: a= “welcome”
print(a[2])
Output: l
• Range slice[n:m] operator:
Syntax: s[start:end]
example:
1.S=“welcome”
S[1:3]
Output:el
2.s=“welcome”
S[ :6]
Output: “welcom”
3.s=“welcome”
S[4: ]
Output: “ome”
 String functions
• Three are the functions in string:
Function name Function Description
Len() Returns length of the string
Max() Returns character having
highest ASCII value
Min() Returns character having
lowest ASCII value
• Example:
Len(“hello”)=5
Max(“abc”)=“c”
Min(“abc”)= “a”
 String Comparison
• You can use(>,<,<=,>=,==,!=) to compare two strings. Python compares
string lexicographically using ASCII value of the characters.
Example:
“tim”== “tie”
False
“free” != “freedom”
True
“arrow” > “aron”
True
“right” >= “left”
True
“teeth” < “tee”
False
“yellow” <= “fellow”
False
“abc” > “ “
True