MEDIA AND INFORMATION

LANGUAGE
Media language:

– The Grammar of Film. Media language is the way in which

the meaning of a media text is conveyed to the audience. One
of the ways Media Language works is to convey meaning
through signs and symbols suggested by the way a scene is
set up and filmed.
TYPES OF MEDIA LANGUAGE:
• Visual Language
• Aural Language
• Written Language
• Verval Language
• Non-verval Language
VISUAL LANGUAGE:
- Television and film. What is on the screen has been chosen
specifically to generate a series of effects and meanings
(semiotics). Specific camera angles and movement are
chosen to tell the story and meaning of that scene.
Aural Language:
- In print-based media, also in text such as captions for
photographs. The language chosen generates meaning.
Captions allow the publication to present a story in a
particular way.
Written Language:
- This is the print-based media, also in text such as captions
for photographs. The language chosen generates meaning.
Captions allow the publication to present a story in a particular
way.
Verbal Language:

- In media areas such as television, radio and film. How the

language is delivered and its context used are important
factors in the way meaning is generated for the audience.
Non-Verbal Language:
- This is in terms of body language: gestures and actions. The
meaning received by the audience is seen through how the
actor uses their body.
What is a media text?
- The media text is any media product we wish to examine.
Every description or representation of the world, fictional or
otherwise, is an attempt to describe or define reality, and is in
some way a construct of reality, a text.
- In Media Studies, “text” is utilized depict any media item, for
example, TV programs,Photos,Adverts,newspaper
adverts,Film,Radio programs,Wep pages and so forth. “Text”
are therefore the main point of our study in understanding how
media languages create meaning.
Codes and convention:
- Codes are systems of signs, which create meaning. Codes
can be divided into two categories – technical and symbolic.
Technical codes are all the ways in which equipment is used
to tell the story in a media text, for example the camera work in
a film. Symbolic codes show what is beneath the surface of
what we see. For example, a character's actions show you how
the character is feeling.Some codes fit both categories – music
for example, is both technical and symbolic.
- Conventions are the generally accepted ways of doing
something. There are general conventions in any medium, such
as the use of interviewee quotes in a print article, but conventions
are also genre specific.
- Codes and conventions are used together in any study of genre
– it is not enough to discuss a technical code used such as
camera work, without saying how it is conventionally used in a
genre.
What make Up CodeS and conventionS?
Setting can be use for a number of purposes such as:
1. Realism (Time and Place of setting is made know).
2. Atmosphere (Reinforce desired mood).
3. Symbolism (Can be conveyed through the setting).

Theme
- The subject, or a specific theme in a scene or intire film.
Characters
Sympathetic characters – With whom the audience strongly identifies with. They
share qualities and values.
Unsympathetic characters – Audience dislike them. They increase sympathy to
main character.
Setting
Stereotypes – can reinforce existing ways of thinking about certain
groups-appeal to the prejudices of the audience.
Props
- Props, sets and location can influence our interpretation of character as
contribution to the atmosphere of the film.
Sound
- Sound builds up the atmosphere.
Narrative and plot
- A linear plot, manipulation of time, suspense, a climax and
resolution, a sting in the tail, and an open ending.
- Narrative is the media term for story telling. Narrative is the
way the different elements in a story are organised to make a
meaningful story. Some of these elements can be facts as in
a documentary, or characters and action as in a drama.
- Plot is a literary term used to describe the events that make
up a story, or the main part of a story. These events relate to
each other in a pattern or a sequence. The structure of a novel
depends on the organization of events in the plot of the story.
Image analysis
What is Image Analysis?
- Image analysis is the extraction of meaningful
information from images; mainly from digitalimages by
means of digital image processingtechniques. Image
analysis tasks can be as simple as reading bar coded tags
or as sophisticated as identifying a person from their face.
Form (How the Image is Create)

- Framing defines the position from which the Image created. It is the
border between the spacewe are allowed to see and that which is
out of our sight. All frame have a shape.
Content (what Is in the Image)
- Mise-en-scene means ‘Put into the scene’, mise-en-scene refers
to anything that goes into a shot, including sets, props, actors,
costumes, camera movements and performance. It is often seen a
the principle vehicles by which the film’s meaning is conveyed.

There are three Main parts of Mine-en-scene analysis:

1. The subject
2. The lightning
3. The setting
Semiotics
- Semiotics (also called semiotic studies) is the study of sign
process (semiosis). It includes the study of signs and sign processes,
indication, designation,
likeness, analogy, allegory, metonymy, metaphor, symbolism,
signification, and communication. It is not to be confused with
the Saussurean tradition called semiology, which is a subset of
semiotics.
The semiotic tradition explores the study of signs and symbols as a
significant part of communications. Different from linguistics, semiotics
also studies non-linguistic sign systems.