URBAN

GROUP 4 – PLANNING
NICOLE LONTOK
MODELS
SHAYNE GALO
JULIUS NOVERSTERAS
CYBEL CABALLERO
AJ SANTIAGO
COCENTRIC • ERNEST WATSON BURGESS
MODEL • Social groups based on the socio-
economic status
• Defined in the FORM OF RINGS
around the core urban area
• Developed between 1925 and
1929
• “BURGESS MODEL”
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 COCENTRIC
MODEL

ERNEST WATSON BURGESS

(May 16, 1886 – December 27, 1966)

was a Canadian-American urban
sociologist

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COCENTRIC MODEL

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COCENTRIC MODEL
 • The center (innermost zone) where
the central business district is
• Highest land value
• Earns maximum economic returns
ZONE I (Central • The accessibility of the area

Business District) • Has tall buildings and noticeably

high density
DIFFERENT ZONE IN THE • Commercial activity
BURGESS MODEL OR
CONCENTRIC ZONE MODEL
• Negligible residential activity 6
 • Mixed residential and commercial
use
• Adjacent and around the CBD
• This zone is considered to “decay”
ZONE II • High population density when
industrial activities were at their
(Transition Zone) peak

DIFFERENT ZONE IN THE

• Poorest segment
BURGESS MODEL OR • Lowest housing condition
CONCENTRIC ZONE MODEL 7
 • Occupied for residential purpose
• “inner city” or “inner suburbs”
• Has a mix of new and old
development
ZONE III (Inner • Second generation immigrants
City/Working Class • Modest living conditions
Zone) • Reduced commuting cost
DIFFERENT ZONE IN THE • Large rental housing occupied by
BURGESS MODEL OR
CONCENTRIC ZONE MODEL
single workers 8
 • Has bigger houses and new
development
• Middle class
• Many of the homes are detached
ZONE IV (Outer • Families resided in these homes
Suburbs/White • Better facilities are available
Collar Homes) • Increased commuting cost
DIFFERENT ZONE IN THE
BURGESS MODEL OR
CONCENTRIC ZONE MODEL 9
 • Peripheral area and farthest from
the CBD
• Highest commuting cost
• “commuter zone”
• High-income groups
ZONE V
• Modern facilities
(Commuter Zone)
• Low rise development
DIFFERENT ZONE IN THE • Less population density
BURGESS MODEL OR
CONCENTRIC ZONE MODEL 10
COCENTRIC • Not applicable outside the US
MODEL • The relevance of this model
decreased over time
LIMITATIONS AND • It does not consider the effect of
CRITICISMS political forces
• No distinct zones and boundaries
exist
• Not applicable to polycentric cities

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MULPTIPLE
NUCLEI • C.D. Harris and Edward L. Ullman
• Cities have multiple growth points or
MODEL “nuclei”
• One of the widely adopted models
• Applicable to modern cities
• Cities don't grow a single nucleus but
several separate nuclei
• Each nucleus acts like a growth point

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MULTIPLE NUCLEI MODEL

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MULPTIPLE
NUCLEI • based on the structure of Chicago
• scattered activities
MODEL • surrounding areas and act as smaller
nuclei

CONCEPT AND NEED FOR • greater movement of goods

MULTIPLE NUCLEI MODEL • optimizing of businesses for maximum
profit by location
• Industrial areas are located away from
residential areas
• Suitable cities for large/expanding
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economy
 MULPTIPLE
NUCLEI • Central business district
• Light manufacturing
MODEL • Low-class residential
• Middle-class residential
ACTIVITIES LISTED UNDER • Upper-class residential
THE MODEL • Heavy manufacturing
activities listed in the model can be
• Outlying business district
considered as independent zones
which influences activities around • Residential suburb
them
• Industrial suburb
• Assumptions for Multiple Nuclei Model 15
MULPTIPLE
NUCLEI • More practical application of the
multiple nuclei model and is an
MODEL improvement over the Burgess
model
THE LAND IS NOT FLAT • It is difficult to find flat land for big
cities
• Terrain features affects the
activities, development, and
direction of growth of an urban
area. 16
MULPTIPLE
NUCLEI • Resources are evenly
MODEL distributed

EVEN DISTRIBUTION • No one enjoys privileges or

OF RESOURCES
have exclusive access to
resources

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MULPTIPLE
NUCLEI • Distributed homogeneously
MODEL
• Essential as an unevenly
EVEN DISTRIBUTION distributed population has a
OF PEOPLE IN direct impact on markets
RESIDENTIAL AREAS

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MULPTIPLE
NUCLEI • Transportation cost
MODEL is even in the city
EVEN TRANSPORTATION and not influenced
COST
by location

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 MULPTIPLE
NUCLEI • Maximum profit for a particular
activity
MODEL • Different combination of
rent/cost/proximity to market
PROFIT MAXIMIZATION yields best result for location of the
activity
• Locating large industries with more
accessibility to reduce
transportation cost and to ease the
movement of goods 20
MULPTIPLE
NUCLEI • Negligence of the height of buildings
• Non-existence of divisions between zones
MODEL • Each zone displays a significant degree of
internal heterogeneity (being diverse) and
not homogeneity (being the same)
LIMITATIONS AND • Unawareness of inertia forces
CRITICISMS • No consideration of the influence of physical
relief and government policy
• The concepts may not apply to Asian cities
with different cultural, economic and political
backgrounds
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 Frank gehry

Finis na

Ty 4 listen
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