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DC Characteristics of A CMOS Inverter: Out in
DC Characteristics of A CMOS Inverter: Out in
VDD
Idsp
Vin Vout
Idsn
nMOS Operation
Cutoff Linear Saturated
Vgsn < Vtn Vgsn > Vtn Vgsn > Vtn
VDD
Idsp
Vin Vout
Idsn
nMOS Operation
Cutoff Linear Saturated
Vgsn < Vtn Vgsn > Vtn Vgsn > Vtn
VDD
Vgsn = Vin Idsp
Vin Vout
Vdsn = Vout Idsn
nMOS Operation
Cutoff Linear Saturated
Vgsn < Vtn Vgsn > Vtn Vgsn > Vtn
Vin < Vtn Vin > Vtn Vin > Vtn
Vdsn < Vgsn – Vtn Vdsn > Vgsn – Vtn
Vout < Vin - Vtn Vout > Vin - Vtn
VDD
Vgsn = Vin
Idsp
Vdsn = Vout Vin Vout
Idsn
pMOS Operation
Cutoff Linear Saturated
Vgsp > Vgsp < Vgsp <
VDD
Idsp
Vin Vout
Idsn
pMOS Operation
Cutoff Linear Saturated
Vgsp > Vtp Vgsp < Vtp Vgsp < Vtp
VDD
Idsp
Vin Vout
Idsn
pMOS Operation
Cutoff Linear Saturated
Vgsp > Vtp Vgsp < Vtp Vgsp < Vtp
VDD
Vgsp = Vin - VDD Vtp < 0 Idsp
Vin Vout
Vdsp = Vout - VDD Idsn
pMOS Operation
Cutoff Linear Saturated
Vgsp > Vtp Vgsp < Vtp Vgsp < Vtp
Vin > VDD + Vtp Vin < VDD + Vtp Vin < VDD + Vtp
Vdsp > Vgsp – Vtp Vdsp < Vgsp – Vtp
Vout > Vin - Vtp Vout < Vin - Vtp
VDD
Vgsp = Vin - VDD Vtp < 0 Idsp
Vin Vout
Vdsp = Vout - VDD Idsn
I-V Characteristics
• Make pMOS wider than nMOS such that bn = bp
Vgsn5
Vgsn4
Idsn
Vgsn3
-Vdsp
-VDD Vgsn2
Vgsp1 Vgsn1
Vgsp2 0 VDD
Vgsp3 Vdsn
Vgsp4 -Idsp
Vgsp5
Current vs. Vout, Vin
Vin0 Vin5
Vin1 Vin4
Idsn, |Idsp|
Vin2 Vin3
Vin3 Vin2
Vin4 Vin1
VDD
Vout
Load Line Analysis
• For a given Vin:
– Plot Idsn, Idsp vs. Vout
– Vout must be where |currents| are equal.
Vin0 Vin5
Vin1 Vin4
Idsn, |Idsp|
VDD
Vin2 Vin3
Idsp
Vin3 Vin2 Vin Vout
Vin4 Vin1 Idsn
VDD
Vout
Load Line Analysis
• Vin = 0
Vin0
Idsn, |Idsp|
Vin0
VDD
Vout
Load Line Analysis
• Vin = 0.2VDD
Vin1
Idsn, |Idsp|
Vin1
VDD
Vout
Load Line Analysis
• Vin = 0.4VDD
Idsn, |Idsp|
Vin2
Vin2
VDD
Vout
Load Line Analysis
• Vin = 0.6VDD
Idsn, |Idsp|
Vin3
Vin3
VDD
Vout
Load Line Analysis
• Vin = 0.8VDD
Vin4
Idsn, |Idsp|
Vin4
VDD
Vout
Load Line Analysis
• Vin = VDD
Vin0 Vin5
Vin1
Idsn, |Idsp|
Vin2
Vin3
Vin4
VDD
Vout
Load Line Summary
Vin0 Vin5
Vin1 Vin4
Idsn, |Idsp|
Vin2 Vin3
Vin3 Vin2
Vin4 Vin1
VDD
Vout
DC Transfer Curve
• Transcribe points onto Vin vs. Vout plot
VDD
Vin0 Vin5
A B
Vout
Vin1 Vin4
C
Vin2 Vin3
Vin3 Vin2 D
Vin4 Vin1 E
0 Vtn VDD/2 VDD+Vtp
VDD VDD
Vout Vin
Operating Regions
• Revisit transistor operating regions
VDD
Region nMOS pMOS A B
A Vout
C
B
C D
E
0 Vtn VDD/2 VDD+Vtp
D Vin
VDD
E
Operating Regions
• Revisit transistor operating regions
VDD
bp
10
bn
Vout 2
1
0.5
bp
0.1
bn
0
VDD
Vin
DC Characteristics of a CMOS Inveter
bn
Vin Vtn 2 b p Vin VDD Vtp Vout VDD Vout VDD
2
I dsp Vin VDD Vtp 2 ; Vin Vtp VDD
2 2
2
• Region C has that both n- and p- AND
devices are in saturation. Vout
2
• Saturation currents for the two I dsn b n Vin Vtn Vout ; Vin Vtn
2
devices are: • Equating the drain currents allows us
bp
I dsp Vin VDD Vtp 2 ; Vin Vtp VDD to solve for Vout. (See supplemental
2 notes for algebraic manipulations).
AND
b
I dsn n Vin Vtn ; Vin Vtn
2
2
CMOS Inverter Static Charateristics
Output Voltage
• The p-type device is in cut-off: Idsp=0 Both in sat
• The n-type device is in linear mode C nMOS in sat
• Vgsp = Vin –VDD and this is a more pMOS in sat
positive value compared to Vtp.
• Vout = 0
D E
0
Vtp Vtn VDD/2 VDD+Vt VD
p D