Science,

Technology &
Nation-building
Pre Colonial Period
Pre Colonial-houses

• Houses were made of light materials likewood, bamboo and nipa palm.
• • Some of them built tree houses to protect themselves againsttheir
enemies or from being attacked by wild animals.
Pre Colonial-transportation

• • Filipinos were said to be proficient in building ocean- going vessels

• all kinds of boats or ships were built, which the Spaniards later call
banca, balangay, lapis, caracoa, virey, vinta and prau
Pre Colonial-Economic Life

• Agriculture • main source of livelihood • rice, coconuts,

sugar cane, cotton, hemp, bananas, oranges, and many
species of fruits and vegetables were grown.
Pre Colonial-Economic Life
 Pre Colonial-Economic Life

• Agricultural productivity was enhanced by use of irrigation like those found in the Ifugao, the Rice
Terraces
• For 2,000 years the mountainous province of Ifugao have been carefully cultivated with terraced fields.
• The structures' original builders used stone and mud walls to carefully carve and construct terraces that
could hold flooded pond fields for the cultivation of rice. • They also established a system to water these
plots by harvesting water from mountaintop forests. These engineering feats were done by hand as was
the farming itself.
• Maintenance of the rice terraces reflects a primarily cooperative approach of the whole community.
Pre Colonial-Economic Life

• Weaving
• home industry that was dominated by women
• using crude wooden looms, textiles such as sinamay from hemp,
medrinaque from banana, cotton, linen, and silk, were woven
Pre Colonial-Economic Life

Fishing with bow & arrow

• was a thriving industry for those who live in the coast or near rivers
and lakes
• various tools for fishing such as nets, bow and arrow, spear, wicker
basket, hooks and lines.
Colonial Period
Spanish Colonial Period

• The arrival of the

Spaniards in 1571
brought in European
colonial architecture to
the Philippines.
• Since the Spaniards
brought Christianity to
the islands, they
created the need to
establish religious
structures to support
the growing number of
religious
organizations.
Spanish Colonial Period
• The Bahay na bato, the colonial
Filipino house, followed the nipa
hut's arrangements such as open
ventilation and elevated
apartments.
• The bahay na bato was
constructed out of brick and
stone rather than the traditional
bamboo materials. It is a mixture
of native Filipino, Spanish and
Chinese influences.
• During the 19th century, wealthy
Filipinos built some fine houses,
usually with solid stone
foundations or brick lower walls,
and overhanging, wooden upper
story with balustrades and capiz
shell sliding windows, and a tiled
roof.
American Colonial Period

• With the arrival of the Americans in 1898 came a new breed of

architectural structures in the Philippines.
• Foremost of the American contributions to the country was the
establishment of civil government.
• This led to the erection of government buildings from the city all the
way to the municipal level.
American Colonial Period
• At the Far Eastern University
(FEU) in Quiapo, Manila, five
Art Deco structures on the
campus were designed by
National Artist Pablo Antonio.
• Three were built before World
War II and two, after.
Although FEU buildings were
totally damaged during the
war, the university was
restored to its original Art
Deco design immediately after.
• The university was given a
UNESCO Asia Pacific-Heritage
Award for Cultural Heritage in
2005 for the outstanding
preservation of its Art Deco
structures.
 Post Colonial Period

• After achieving the independence from the

colonizers, the Philippines, under different
administrations, continued to pursue programs
in science and technology.
National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Building at UP
Diliman.
• The former President and dictator Ferdinand
Marcos. Under his term, many agencies in science
and technolgy were established and strengthened,
including the PAGASA iin place of of the abolished
Weather Bureau, the National Academy of Science
and Technology (NAST); and the reconstitued
National Science and Technology Authority.
In 1986, during Corazon Aquino's
presidency, the National Science and
Technology Authority was replaced by
the Department of Science and
Technology, giving science and
technology a representation in
the cabinet. Under the Medium Term
Philippine Development Plan for the
years 1987-1992, science and
technology's role in economic
recovery and sustained economic
growth was highlighted. During Corazon
Aquino's State of the Nation Address in
1990, she said that science and
technology development shall be one of
the top three priorities of the
government towards an economic
recovery
• The importance of science and technology in national development ca
nnot be overemphasized.
• It is a known fact that no nation can develop without science and tech
nolgy.
• Science and technology is the pivot of any nation’s development.
 THE END
of
CHAPTER 3