EE- 323

( 3+1 )
Topics: Instrument Types & Chapter # 3

Department of Electrical Engineering, WEC

 Engr. Muddasar Ali

MS Electrical Engineering
University of Engineering & Technology,
Taxila (2017)
BE Electrical Engineering
Air University, Islamabad (2015)
MS & BS Specialization: Power System
 Active and Passive instruments
• Active instruments are those where the quantity is
measured with the help of external power. Whereas no
external power is required to measure a quantity in
passive instruments.
Analogue and Digital Instruments

 Analogue: gives an output that varies continuously as

the quantity being measured changes. The output can
have an infinite number of values within the range that
the instrument is designed.
 Digital: has an output that varies in discrete steps and
so can only have a finite number of values.
 Analogue instruments must be interfaced to the
microcomputer by an analogue-to- digital (A/D)
converter, which converts the analogue output signal
from the instrument into an equivalent digital quantity
that can be read into the computer.
 A digital instrument has an output that varies in discrete steps and so
can only have a finite number of values. The rev counter is an example
of a digital instrument. A cam is attached to the revolving body whose
motion is being measured, and on each revolution the cam opens and
closes a switch. The switching operations are counted by an electronic
counter.
 Division in instruments between those that do incorporate a
microprocessor (smart) and those that don’t.

Instrument with embedded microprocessor or microcontroller are

smart, they have their own memories, data buses, displays etc.

Smart Instruments can also have

capabilities like

 Self calibration capability

 Self-diagnosis of faults
 Compensation for randomerrors
 Adjustment for measurement
non-linearities
 IEEE Standards
 Stands for the "Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers“ an engineering society headquartered in new york
city.
 A large group of thee standards is the standard test method
for various electronics systems and components.
Example:
 The common lab oscilloscope become difficult to use when
each manufacturer adopts a different arrangement of knob
and function and different name os same function.
 An IEEE standards address the Lab oscilloscope and specify
the control, function etc.
 Home Work #1
• Articles 3.4.4 & 3.4.5
• Quiz will be in Next Class (11-02-2019) from
Chapter 1 & 2 (Including Home work articles)
• There will be no retake of any quiz.
• There will be 4 quizzes only and all the quizzes
will be included but it will also depend on class
strength. Low strength will leads to a surprise
Quiz.
• Bring A4 Paper and calculator with you, no
exchange will be allowed.

Quiz # 1
 Assignment #1
• Submission date Monday 11-02-19 in
class.
• Before class all assignment should be
collected by CR and arranged roll
number wise.
• No Late Assignment will be accepted.
• Only 6 Assignments will be given.