Group 4

English for young learners

Reading and writing skills
Hanan Ashrawi (166310741)
Ella Widiastuti (166310037)
Febrin Sekar (166310721)
READING SKILL
The process of learning to read in general can go through
the following stages:
1. Read (pronounce) the alphabet with English
pronunciation
2. Reading words that can also be accompanied by
pronouncing or spelling
3. Reading phrases passed to short sentences
4. Reading sentences that are meaningful contains
messages, both in the form of question sentences and
statement sentences
5. Read discourse, short writing, or other materials, such
as dialogue, poetry, and letters
6. Read discourse, longer dialogue, a story, or event
Reading learning techniques

Reading aloud

This activity is intended to train students

to be able to read by pronunciation or
correct speech. Reading aloud that
usually uses the look and say technique
aims to be able to pronounce English
words, phrases and sentences correctly
Silent Reading

Silent Reading trains students to really focus their attention

or mind in order to understand the content of the discourse
or text

Reading comprehension

This reading activity aims to obtain

information from the text or material that is
read.
Independent reading

If students are able to read

silently or read aloud and read
comprehension then they will
go to independent reading.
 Writing Skills

Writing skills are considered to be the

most difficult language skills because
they involve the ability or mastery or
vocabulary and spelling grammar.
 Writing Technique
• The process of writing skill in general can be
differs to Copying, Guided Writing,
Substitution, and Free Writing.
• These skills can be applied based on level of
teaching in particular class and the
development of students’ ability in English.
 Copying
The Copying is one of ways that served for lower classes skill,
especially for children or young learners. They probably can produce
the words by using their tongue (speaking) but they can’t write them
down.

They just have to copy what they see on the board. For examples:
• BOOK = B-O-O-K
• PEN = P-E-N
• HAND = H-A-N-D
• EYES = E-Y-E-S
This skill is purposed to develop writing basic skill for young
learners from all of the ages. So it can be applied in mostly
elementary school.
 Guided Writing
The Guided Writing is the process of learning
that leads by teacher to serves the short text to all
students with most of black space between the
words. Students have to complete them by listen
to the quotes or audio or maybe dictation. It also
can be called by fill- in exercise (Scoot and
Ytreberg, 2003).

For examples:
• Are you free on ….? …. Going to ….? Would you
like to come with….???
 Substitution Writing
The Substitution Writing is the process of rewrite
the sentence from the text that served for the students.
But in this chase, the students have to rewrite them
with other words but have a same meaning.
It can also uses for learning the substitution
words (he, she, it, we and they).

For example:
• I like the ice cream, but my sister doesn’t become
• Jimmy likes ice cream, his sister doesn’t
 Free Writing
• Free writing is the highest level of writing
skill that applies the upper-up level students.
Mostly it just can be used for some people
that already mastering their language
especially in English.
• Free writing doesn’t have any rule except the
grammar build concept.