supervision to be effective,it must be scientific. -emphasize that the use of the scientific principle and that the solution of problems should be based on facts. -the effort is to discover rather than -the best way to determine whether a thing is present or not,is to “look and see” but sometimes we use only those things we look for,so being an administrator and supervisor we must be factconscious. In scientific administration and supervision,basic rules and principles are not only discovered but also organized and applied to the teaching learning situation. 4. School administration and supervision must be based on accepted educational philosophy. -Philosophy-is a background of theory of knowledge and beliefs which explains and justifies a selected way of life. -educational philosophy affects the thinking and resultant action of the leaders who control public school’s administration and supervision. • -the integrati-example is the Dewey’s educational philosophy that “education is life, growth process and a reconstruction of human experiences” which become now the guiding a social philosophy of the Phil. Educational System. • on of personality which posses a well-developed standard of values, giving consistency and unity to all thinking, feeling and acting. -this guiding philosophy of our educational system is well-outlined in the Philippine constitutions in terms of objectives namely: *development of moral and personal descipline *civic conscience *vocational efficiency *citizenship training 5. School administration and supervision must be creative. -the term creative here means initiating , suggesting, devising, inventing, experimenting or producing something new. -creative administration encourages growth. This provides opportunity for the teachers and pupils to grow through the exercise of their talents and abilities under expert and professional guidance and encouragement. 6. Administration and supervision must be evaluated in the lights of their results. -it has been pointed out that only by knowing as accurate as possible the results of instruction can be process of education be improved. -the effectiveness of administration or supervision for examples may be determined either through application of criteria designed to judge the value of the activities performed or through the measurement of the immediate outcomes of the program. The purposes for which effectiveness of administrative or supervisory leadership may be evaluated are the following: a. The ultimate purpose is to promote pupil-growth; hence eventually the improvement of society. b. To formulate and carry out co- operatively educational policies and plans designed to achieve the ultimate goal. c. To supply leadership in securing continuity and constant readaptation of the educational program over a period of years from level to level within the system, and from one area of learning experiences and content to another. d. To develop co-operatively favorable settings for teaching and learning. 7. Responsibility and control in matters of school administration and supervision must run parralel throughout the system. -In the distribution of functions between the School Principal and Division Superintendent for example this principle governs. -However, it is also the duties of the superintendent to hire or appoint teachers, opening classes, or any other related function outside the school. Division and district supervisors come into conflicts with the boundary line of their respective functions. Responsibility and control is an essential problem in the improvement of democratic practice in school administration and supervision. To avoid this, there be a deeper understanding and clear definition of duties. Thank you and have a nice day