CMC

Coordinated Mode of
Control

Arpit Parikh
Objective :

Main objective of CMC is to operate the turbine – generator

and the boiler as an integral unit.

The modes of operating the unit are named as

1.Turbine Follow mode

2.Boiler Follow mode

3. Coordinate Mode
TURBINE FOLLOW MODE :

 In this mode, the Boiler takes lead and the turbine follows.

 The boiler controls MW, while the turbine maintains throttle pressure.
BOILER FOLLOW MODE

• In this mode, the Turbine takes lead and the boiler follows.

• It is adopted when Turbine Load setpoint is in manual mode.

• The turbine sets the MW load and the boiler controls throttle pressure as a

follower.

• Whenever capabilities of TG are exceeded or limited, the boiler shall

follow the turbine load.

COORDINATED MODE

• In this mode both Boiler Master and Turbine Control are put in `Auto’,

The Unit load demand is fed to both Boiler and Turbine

• In addition to it, Boiler is given Throttle Pressure error for fine

adjustment of the demand.

 Conclusion

Mode Action Control

Turbine Follow Slow Smooth

Boiler Follow Fast Large Deviation

Coordinated Fast Smooth

Unit operation critical parameters are :

• MW
• Main steam pressure

In a Boiler the steam production depends on combustion control

• Fuel control
• Air flow control

In Turbine control system varies steam input to turbine to achieve MW

or Main steam pressure.

Turbine will be able to maintain only one unit parameter MW or

main steam pressure.

Feed Forward Signal
 PID Controller

Proportional means now, larger

current error causes larger control
signal

Integral means the total of past

error, do the integral of all error
happened in the past, more past
error causes larger control signal

Derivative means the prediction

of future, do the derivative of error
to predict whether error will
increase or decrease in the future,
error increase causes larger control
signal.
 ADS OWS

Trip to Manual
Boiler Master in Manual
Runback/Run down active
Unit Master

Freq. Influence ∑
Min Load Limiter (OWS)

Act.Load-TSC Lower Margin

Max Max Load Limiter (OWS)

Act.Load+TSC Uper Margin

Min

Unit Load Demand(ULD)

 Throttle Pressure Unit Load
Demand

Fixed/Sliding
∆
Pressure Setpoint

PID

Feed Forward
∑

Boiler Master Demand

Coordinated Mode
Limit pressure Mode
 In order to stabilize boiler operation during startup the main steam
pressure controller is operated in limit pressure mode initially.
 In limit pressure mode, the turbine side sets the unit load and the boiler
follows .
 The turbine controller regulates the speed (or load respectively) and the
pressure controller is on standby to counteract any inadmissibly high drop
in pressure.

Inlet pressure mode

 When the steam turbine picks up load in speed-/load control operation an
automatic changeover to initial pressure is initiated.
 In inlet pressure mode, the Boiler side sets the unit load and the turbine
follows .
 The turbine controller regulates main steam pressure upstream of the
turbine (inlet pressure).
 Throttle Pressure Main Steam Flow

Pressure Setpoint ∆

PID

Feed Forward
∑

Boiler Load Demand

Boiler Follow Mode

 Actual MW Unit Load
Demand

Unit Load Demand ∆

PID

Feed Forward
∑

Boiler Master Demand

Turbine Follow Mode