OPTICAL DISEASE

IDENTIFICATION USING
PORTABLE PUPILOMETRY
Capstone Project
Review 1

Presented by

PAUL MATHAI
(15BCE0981)
RAHUL RAGHUNADHAN
(15BCE0987)
Problem Statement

Developing a portable screening virtual reality head mounted device

that uses infrared based video camera to detect neuro-opthal pathway
blockages with includes but isn’t limited to cancerous or non-cancerous
tumors, cyst, fluid buildup and wide variety of hostile foreign bodies.
Since the device is a screening device it can be additionally used to
detect afferent pupillary defect, visual field defects, Horner syndrome,
autonomic effects of pharmaceuticals, psychiatric disorders.
Objectives

• Device should be portable and compact.

• Device needs to be safe to use since it’s a medical device.
• It should be a cost effective and affordable solution relative to the currently available implementations.
• To achieve proper tracking for at least 90% of the movement of the eye.
• Use of machine learning to learn the morphing of the pupil of the eye moving from corner to corner.
• Use of Contrast enhancement edge detection as opposed to canny edge detection for better accuracy on
infrared images.
• Give output as a report including various factors such as pupil movement and dilation response graph.
• The device will identify and alert the doctor for coordination errors live and highlight the points in the final
report.
• Two modes for adults and children, first mode for adults instructing them to read text while for children
interactive games.
• Validation from at least one doctor or hospital.
Literature Review
J.E Bos in the paper discuses the basics of the visual evoked response test which forms the
basis for modern pupillometric devices. The paper explains the history of the pupil graph
from the oscillating flashlight method and its shortcoming and how our current
technological advances in the field of infra-red can solve these problems. TV pupillometric
devices had a very low frequency of reading data and thus couldn’t calculate the finer
pupillary movements, also the high intensity light from these devices caused unwanted
retinal exposure causing even more unwanted pupillary movements. He proposes a model
for an IR based pupillometric device in this paper as they have very fast response time.
Also, with the help of a Maxwell model of lens system we can use a LED to establish a
fixation point in the middle for the retina to focus so as to prevent any pupillary
movements triggered by the retina. This model work on the concept of absorption and
reflection since the pupil absorbs light which is established using a set of emitters and
detectors placed 3 cm apart that record reflected IR light from the eye. The paper also
specifies how the recording can be used to find defects in the form of nerve damage or
muscular damage using two variables like the time between onset of stimuli and pupillary
response and time between constriction and maximum constriction. Further these
readings can be used to find afferent or efferent defects based on the synchronization
differences between the eyes.
Proposed Approach
• Our objective is to develop a screening device to detect multiple
ophthalmic diseases.
• The device will consist of multiple modes suited for both children and
adults
• The main reason for such an implementation is to easily diagnose
children since they won’t be very fond of sitting in uncomfortable
positions on full size medical device.
References

• [1] Bos, J. E. (1988). Clinical quantitative pupillometry. The latency of pupillary

constriction as measured with the IRIS system. Med. Biol. Eng. Comput., 6, 299-
305.
• [2] Larson, M. D., & Behrends, M. (2015). Portable infrared pupillometry: a
review. Anesthesia & Analgesia, 120(6), 1242-1253.
• [3] Wilhelm, H., & Wilhelm, B. (2003). Clinical applications of
pupillography. Journal of Neuro-ophthalmology, 23(1), 42-49.
• [4] Sari, J. N., Hanung, A. N., Lukito, E. N., Santosa, P. I., & Ferdiana, R. (2016,
October). A study on algorithms of pupil diameter measurement. In Science and
Technology-Computer (ICST), International Conference on (pp. 188-193). IEEE.
• [5] Szczepański, A., Misztal, K., & Saeed, K. (2014, November). Pupil and iris
detection algorithm for near-infrared capture devices. In IFIP International
Conference on Computer Information Systems and Industrial Management (pp.
141-150). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.