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Endocrine Glands
Endocrine Glands
endocrine glands.
They are also called ductless glands because they donot
have ducts to secrete their hormones.
A group of endocrine glands which produces various
hormones is called an endocrine system. It is also called
hormonal system.
Endocrine system helps in coordinating the activities of our
body.
CLASSIFICATION
• On the basis of location:
1. Cranial Endocrine glands:
Pituitary gland, Pineal gland & Hypothalamus
2. Pharyngeal Endocrine glands:
Thyroid & Parathyroid gland
3. Abdominal Endocrine glands:
Pancreas, Adrenal, Testes & Ovaries
• On the basis of number:
1. Unilateral:
Pituitary, pineal, thymus & pancreas
2. Bilateral:
Thyroid, Adrenal & PTH
• On the basis of secretion:
1. Telecrine glands:
Hormones are released by specialized endocrine cells
into the extracellular space and are thence carried by
blood to the distant target cells e.g. Thyroid, adrenal &
pituitary gland.
2. Paracrine glands:
Hormones diffuse locally through the interstitial fluid
from the secretory cells to the adjacent target cells e.g.
pancreas (In islets of Langerhans, somatostatin is
secreted from δ-cells, that reacts on adjacent α and β
cells).
The hypothalamus is a portion of the brain that contains a
number of small nuclei with a variety of functions.
One of the most important functions of the hypothalamus
is to link the nervous system to the endocrine system via
the pituitary gland.
The hypothalamus is responsible for
certain metabolic processes and other activities of
the autonomic nervous system.
It synthesizes and secretes certain neurohormones, often
called releasing hormones or hypothalamic hormones, and
these in turn stimulate or inhibit thesecretion
of pituitary hormones.
The hypothalamus controls body temperature, hunger,
fatigue, sleep, etc.
Concerned with homeostasis.
Regulates many vital functions such as hunger, thirst,
sleep etc.
The pituitary gland, or hypophysis, is an endocrine
gland located between hypothalamus and pineal gland
just behind the bridge of nose and is about the size of a
pea and weighing 0.5 grams in humans.