Basal

Ganglia

Won Taek Lee, M.D., Ph.D.

Basal Ganglia Introduction

Traditional Concepts of Basal Ganglia

Corpus Striatum
Caudate Nucleus
Neostriatum Striatum
Lenticular Nucleus Putamen
Globus Pallidus Paleostriatum Pallidum
Corpus Amygdaloideum Archistriatum
Lateral surface
of basal ganglia

1. Putamen
2. Tail of caudate
nucleus
3. Caudatolenticular
gray bridge
4. Amygdaloid body
5. thalamus
 1. head of
caudate nucelus
2. body of
caudate nucelus
3. caudatolenticular
gray bridge
4. putamen
5. tail of
caudate nucleus
6. external segment of
globus pallidus
7. internal segment of
globus pallidus
8. amygdaloid body
9. nucleus accumbens
septi

Medial surface of basal ganglia

Basal Ganglia Components

Components of Basal Ganglia

Corpus Striatum
Striatum ----- Caudate Nucleus & Putamen
Pallidum ----- Globus Pallidus (GP)
Substantia Nigra
Pars Compacta (SNc)
Pars Reticulata (SNr)
Subthalamic Nucleus (STN)
Ventral Striatum and Ventral Pallidum
Nucleus Accumbens Septi
Non cholinergic portion of Substantia Innominata
Basal Ganglia Components

STRIATUM

Caudate Nucleus
Head, (Corpus), Tail
caudatolenticular gray bridge
Putamen
Ventral Striatum: Nucleus Accumbens (Septi)
Basal Ganglia Components

Striatal Compartments
(Mosaic or Modular Organization)

1. Striosome (Patches)
- 10-20% of total striatal mass
- low acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity
- high substance P (SP), neurotensin (NT), tyrosine hydroxylase
- high expression of D1 dopamine receptor
- high opiate receptor

2. Matrix
- high acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity
- high somatostatin (SRIF) activity
- high D2 dopamine receptor
Spiny I
neuron
Spiny II
neuron
Aspiny I
neuron
Aspiny II
neuron
Aspiny III
neuron
Neurogliform
cell
Basal Ganglia Components

Striosome and
Matrix compartment

AchE
Basal Ganglia Components

Inputs to the
spiny striatal neurons
distal – extrinsic
proximal - intrinsic