TOURISM PRINCIPLES

Angeline E. Basco
Instructor
 Department of Tourism Official Video 2012

After watching the video do you feel proud of

our country?
WHAT IS TOURISM?
1. In 1941 by Professors Hunziker and
Krapf of Berne University in
Switzerland, “as the sum of the
phenomena and relationships arising
from the travel and stay of non-
residents in so far as they do not lead
to permanent residence and are not
connected to any earning activity”.
WHAT IS TOURISM?
2. According to Charles R. Goeldner &
JR Brent Ritchie “Tourism may be
defined as the processes, activities
and outcomes arising from the
relationships & the interactions
among tourists, tourism suppliers,
host governments, host communities
& surrounding environments that are
involved in the attracting & hosting of
visitors.
WHAT IS A TOURIST?
1. In 1937, the League of Nations defined
tourist as a person who, visits a
country other than that in which he
usually resides for a period of at least
24 hours.
2. In 1963, a United Nations Conference
on International Travel and Tourism
recommended a new definition of a
“visitor” which covers two classes.
WHAT IS A TOURIST?
– Tourists – temporary visitors staying
at least 24 hours with purposes such
as leisure, recreation, holiday, family,
business or meeting.
– Excursionists – temporary visitors
staying less than 24 hours in the
destination visited and not making an
overnight stay, including cruise
travelers but excluding travelers in
transit.
TOURIST IMAGES
 TOURIST IMAGES

Tourists enjoying different leisure activities in

Boracay Island.
TOURIST IMAGES

Tourist soaking up the sun

and taking pictures.
ELEMENTS OF TRAVEL
1. Distance – distance traveled on a trip
by the traveler. Trip is defined as each
time a person goes to a place more
than 100 miles away from home.
2. Length of stay at destination –
tourists make at least one overnight
stay; excursionists do not stay
overnight in the place that they visit.
ELEMENTS OF TRAVEL
3. Residence of the traveler – origin of
the visitors Ex: home town
4. Purpose of travel – visiting friends
and relatives, conventions and
seminars, business, outdoor
recreation, entertainment, medical,
funeral, wedding and others.
NATURE OF A TOUR
Domestic Tourism
• refers to travel taken exclusively within
the national boundaries of the traveler’s
country.
• no language, currency or documentation
barriers.

International Tourism
• involves the movement of people across
international boundaries.
• different language, currency and requires
documentation
NATURE OF A TOUR
1. Package tour or Inclusive tour – is an
arrangement in which transport and
accommodation is bought by the
tourist at an all-inclusive price and
the price of the individual elements
cannot be determined by the
purchaser himself.
NATURE OF A TOUR
• Independent inclusive tour (IIT) – one
in which the tourist travels to his
destination individually.
• Group inclusive tour (GIT) – he travels
in the company of other tourists.

Independent tour – the tourist buys his

transportation and accommodation
separately.
THE TOURIST PRODUCT
• The tourist product consists of what
the tourist buys.
• The tourist product is a combination of
what the tourist does at the
destination and the services he uses
during his stay.
THE TOURIST PRODUCT
Characteristics of the Tourist Product:
1. The tourist product is a service.
 It is intangible
 It cannot be inspected by the prospected
purchaser.
2. The tourist product is largely psychological in
its attraction.
 It is the temporary use of a culture,
heritage, atmosphere and hospitality of the
destination.
THE TOURIST PRODUCT
3. The tourist product tends to vary in
standard and quality over time.
 A tour cannot be consistently of equal
standard.
4. The supply of the tourist product is
fixed.
 The number of hotel rooms cannot be
varied to meet the changing demands
of tourists on a particular season.
THE TOURIST DESTINATION
Tourist Destination – is a geographical unit
which the tourist visits and where he
stays. The success of a tourist
destination depends upon the
interrelationship of three basic factors :
attractions, amenities or facilities and
accessibility.
THE TOURIST DESTINATION
1. Attractions - may be site or event
attractions and natural or man-made.
 Site attraction – the destination itself
has the appeal to the tourist. It may be
a country, a geographical region, a city
or a resort such as Boracay.
 Event attractions – include congresses,
exhibitions, festivals such as the Ati-
atihan and sports such as the Olympic
games.
THE TOURIST DESTINATION
THE TOURIST DESTINATION

OLYMPICS 2012 - LONDON

THE TOURIST DESTINATION
 Natural attractions – include natural
formations all over the world. It
includes mountains, beaches, climatic
features such as sunshine and pure air.
 Man-made attractions – includes
buildings of historical or architectural
interest such as Fort Santiago or
theme parks.
THE TOURIST DESTINATION
THE TOURIST DESTINATION

PYRAMIDS OF GIZA - EGYPT

THE TOURIST DESTINATION
2. Amenities or Facilities – include
accommodation, food, local transport
communications and entertainment at
the site. However attractive the
destination, its potential for tourism will
still be limited unless the basic
amenities which the tourists require will
be provided.
THE TOURIST DESTINATION
3. Accessibility – means having regular and
convenience of transport in terms of
time and distance to the destination
from the originating country at a
reasonable price.
TOURISM VIDEO

• MALAYSIA TRULY ASIA

• WORLD TOURISM RANKINGS

What do they have that we don’t?

TOURIST SERVICES
1. Passenger transport provides the
means to reach the destination as
well as the movement at the
destination.
 Domestic and International transport
 Public and Private Transport
 Land, sea and air
2. Accommodation, F&B and
entertainment
HISTORY OF TOURISM
Tourism was derived from the Hebrew
word “torah” which means studying,
learning and searching.
In early times people traveled mainly for,
business such as trading and religious
travels such as pilgrimages.
HISTORY OF TOURISM
Since roads were crude in the ancient
times, most business and trading
happened through sea travels. In
effect harbors and sea ports grew.
When the Romans improved the road
networks, there emerged the resting
inns which are the forerunner of
hotels today.
HISTORY OF TOURISM
Medieval period decreased tourism
because of rampant thieving along the
roads.
Renaissance period gained back the
confidence in tourism due to the
emergence of renowned universities
where young men sought intellectual
improvement. Also in this period men
sought remedies for their sickness in
“spas” or medicinal baths.
HISTORY OF TOURISM
HISTORY OF TOURISM
Industrial Revolution brought social
changes where the middle class gained
more income from the rising
productivity and employment of the
society. This resulted to more
opportunities for people to go on
holidays and vacation.
19th Century Tourism brought about two
major things that had a great effect on
tourism.
HISTORY OF TOURISM
1. Railroad networks – provided reliable
and cheap transportation. This
brought tighter competition between
private companies of hotels, resorts
and entertainment facilities. Thus
tourism was spread out not only to
the elites but to a larger population.
HISTORY OF TOURISM
HISTORY OF TOURISM
2. The use of steam power – provided
increased mobility to tourism.
Steamers on the major rivers
provided another choice of
transportation that led to popular
day trip cruises and the growth of
coastal resorts.
HISTORY OF TOURISM
HISTORY OF TOURISM
20th Century tourism with World War I
and World War II paved the way for
more technological advances in areas
of communication and
transportation. Air travel became
more common. Mass communication
stimulated the curiosity about other
countries.
HISTORY OF PHIL TOURISM
The original inhabitants roamed the
country in search for food and inter-
tribe travel and trade occurred.
The Spanish galleons came and traded
with the inhabitants. The galleons
sailed between Mexico and the
Philippines.
HISTORY OF PHIL TOURISM
HISTORY OF PHIL TOURISM
American occupation brought forth the
seaplanes brought some regular
passengers in 2 weeks from China to
Manila via Hong Kong.
HISTORY OF PHIL TOURISM

The Sikorsky S-42 seaplane was the

world’s first big luxury airliner.

After 59 hours, 48 minutes of flying across

the Pacific Ocean from San Francisco with
stops at Honolulu, Midway, Wake, and
Guam, the Pan American China Clipper
berths at Manila on November 29, 1935.
HISTORY OF PHIL TOURISM
1930s - informal tours were
conducted for visitors from US, China,
Japan and Europe using their
unregistered private vehicles and
coaches called colorum.
HISTORY OF PHIL TOURISM
1947 - regular steamships and airlines
began to service the Philippines from
other countries.
1952 - PTTA Philippine Tourist and Travel
Association was organized which was
the first tourism association in the
country.
HISTORY OF PHIL TOURISM
1970s - A tourist boom happened in the
Philippines especially when former first
lady Imelda Marcos supported projects
related to our culture and arts.

Today, the tourism in the Philippines has

gone a long way.
CHARACTERISTICS OF TOURISM
Tourism has special characteristics which
make it different from other industries.
1. In tourism, the product is not brought to
the consumer , rather the consumer has
to travel and go to the product to
purchase it. In other industries, an item
manufactured in a factory is brought to
the wholesaler and retailer and
ultimately to the consumer.
CHARACTERISTICS OF TOURISM
2. The products of tourism are not used
up; thus, they do not exhaust the
country’s natural resources. The
products of other industries have a
limited life and at the end of it are
either junked or replaced with new
ones.
CHARACTERISTICS OF TOURISM
3. Tourism is a labor-intensive industry.
It requires more man power than
other industries.
4. Tourism is people oriented. It is
primary concerned with people. One
of the most important motivations of
tourists is to meet other people and
see how other people live.
CHARACTERISTICS OF TOURISM
5. Tourism is a multi-dimensional
phenomenon. It is dependent on
many and varied activities which are
separate but inter-dependent.
6. The tourist industry is seasonal.
During vacation seasons, million of
tourist travel which result in
increased revenues for several
tourism agencies but when vacation
are over, these companies experience
a big decline in dollars earned.
CHARACTERISTICS OF TOURISM
7. The industry is dynamic. It is
characterized by changing ideas and
attitude of its customers and
therefore must be always prepared
and willing to adjust to these changes.
FACTORS FOR GROWTH OF TOURISM
1. Rising disposable income for large
sections of the population - in general,
more money means more travel. At
present the two income family is
widespread.
2. Growth in the number of retired
persons who have the desire and
energy to travel – life expectancy is
increasing. There are fewer deaths
now than before which is the result of
more health consciousness.
FACTORS FOR GROWTH OF TOURISM
3. Increase in discretionary time –
shorter work weeks and longer
vacations.
4. Greater mobility of the population –
People became more accustomed to
travel because of the increase in
travel opportunities and the desire to
escape from the stress and pressures
of modern life.
FACTORS FOR GROWTH OF TOURISM

5. Growth in the number of singles –

people living alone have more free
time than couples so they want to
socialize through travel.
6. Greater credit availability through
credit cards and bank loans – “Travel
now, pay later” stimulates travel.
FACTORS FOR GROWTH OF TOURISM

7. Higher educational levels – since

millions of students attend colleges
and universities, they tend to become
more interested in foreign cultures.
8. The growth of cities – city residents
travel more than people living in rural
areas to escape from congested urban
environment.
FACTORS FOR GROWTH OF TOURISM
9. Simplification of travel through the
package tour – everything planned,
arranged and included in one piece
are more important to the older
traveler, new traveler and the less
sophisticated traveler.
10. Growth of multinational business –
worldwide business interests increase
both the need and habit of travel.
FACTORS FOR GROWTH OF TOURISM
10. Modern transportation technology –
technological advances in
transportation have made long
distance travel faster, less expensive
and more comfortable.
11. Shift in values – some people give
more value to experience more than
material possessions.
FACTORS FOR GROWTH OF TOURISM
13. Advances in communication –
television and movies enlarge the
travel perspective. The world is
brought to the living room through
the television.
14. Smaller families and changing roles –
American and European birthrates
have declined giving the adults more
free time to get away from family
responsibilities.
-END OF TOPIC-
THANK YOU!