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Multiple Emulsions: by Dr.G.Sandhyarani M.Pharm - PH.D, PDF
Multiple Emulsions: by Dr.G.Sandhyarani M.Pharm - PH.D, PDF
Multiple Emulsions: by Dr.G.Sandhyarani M.Pharm - PH.D, PDF
MULTIPLE EMULSIONS
By
Dr.G.SANDHYARANI
M.PHARM.Ph.D,PDF
CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTION
• FORMULATION OF MULTIPLE EMULSIONS
• PREPARATION OF MULTIPLE EMULSIONS
• CHARACTERISATIONOFMULTIPLEEMULSIONS
• STABILITY OF MULTIPLE EMULSIONS
• STABILITY ASSESSMENT STUDIES
• DRUG RELEASE FROM MULTIPLE EMULSIONS
• BIOAVAILABILITY
• APPLICATIONS
• CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
INTRODUCTION
An emulsion “is a thermodynamically unstable system
consisting of at least two immiscible liquid phases, one of
which is dispersed as globules in other liquid phase,
stabilized by presence of an emulsifying agent” (Leon et al,
1991).
Oils:
Yield
Release profile
Particle size
Emulsion stability
Y = 5.03X + 0.19
Optical microscopy,
Coulter counter method.
Electron microscopy
D = particle diameter
ή = viscosity of the medium
dp & dm = densities of particles and medium
g = gravitational constant
……CHARACTERIZATION OF MULTIPLE EMULSIONS
Area of interphases:
The average globule diameter determined can be used in
the calculation of total area of interphase.
S = 6/D (S – total area of interphase in sq. cm. & D-
diameter of globule in cm.)
Number of globules:
Number of globules per cubic millimeter can be measured
using haemocytometer cell.
Number of globules/mm3 = number of globules x dilution x
4000 / number of small square counted.
Average droplet size should be in the range of 2-5 µ.m.
……CHARACTERIZATION OF MULTIPLE EMULSIONS
Rheology :
(Jim et al, 2003)
In –vivo evaluation:
Blood concentration data in rats and rabbits
Urinary excretion data in man
DRUG RELEASE FROM MULTIPLE EMULSIONS