B       E       C

Bose  Einstein Condensate

Presentation by: 
Nasar Quadri IX-B
 CONTENTS
 What is BEC and where did the idea came
from?

 Theory

 Experiment

 Achievement
 WHAT
WHAT IS
IS IT
IT AND
AND WHERE
WHERE DID
DID THE
THE IDEA
IDEA CAME
CAME FROM?
FROM?

 It is a state of matter in which separate atoms cooled to

near absolute zero that is 0 Kelvin or -273 C.
 BEC is formed when a gas having very low density, nearly
1/100 to 1/1000 of the density of normal air.
 In 1920, Indian physicist Satyendra Nath Bose had done
some calculations for a fifth state of matter.
 Building on his calculation, Albert Einstein predicted a
new state of matter –the Bose Einstein Condensate.
 Nearly 70 years later, Eric Cor nell and Carl Wieman
made the first BEC in 1995.
 THEORY

 Particles either have the energy to bounce

around in gases or just the energy to flow like
a liquid or be fixed like a solid.
 If we take enough of the particle's energy away
we get to the tiniest or the smallest amount
of energy possible. This is Bose Einstein
Condensate.
  This makes all of the particles exactly the same
as they are  and instead of bouncing around in
all different directions, they all bounce up and
down in exactly the same way, forming
something called a 'giant matter wave'
PHOTOGRAPHING THE CONDENSATE

False color images show the velocity distribution just before

the appearance of
BEC (right), just after it (center), and for a nearly pure
condensate (right).
 HOW TO MAKE A BEC ?
To make anything cold enough to get a BEC:
I.  Trap the stuff using magnets
II.  By bouncing lasers off them, take all of their
energy away through red shift.
Some of the particles will still be bouncing around a
lot.
III. The magnetic field is then slowly lowered bit by
bit to let the faster bouncing particles out.
This just leaves the coldest and slowest atom inside.
 ACHIEVEMENTS
These are the achievements got in the field of Bose Einstein
Condensate:

 1938 – Pyotr Kapitsa, John Allen and Don Misener: Helium

 1995 – Eric Cornell and Carl Wieman: Pure BEC.

 1995 – Wolfgang Ketterle Na23. (4 months later)

 END OF PRESENTATION
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