CAUSES OF HYPERCELLULARITY

BENIGN CAUSES…
• Affecting predominantly one hematopoietic line:
• Erythroid hyperplasia: often due to hemolytic anemia, high altitude or
hypoxia of any other cause, renal disease, hemoglobinopathies, familial
polycythemia
• Myeloid hyperplasia: infections, compensatory hyperplasia after cell
destruction, chronic blood loss, other stressors, drugs (G-CSF)
• Megakaryocytic hyperplasia: often due to immune thrombocytopenia but
also other types of thrombocytopenia; megakaryocytes may have striking
nuclear changes
 MALIGNANT CAUSES..
• Affecting predominantly one hematopoietic line:
• Erythroid: polycythemia vera, dysregulated erythropoietin production by
various neoplasms
• Myeloid: myeloid neoplasms (AML, CML, MDS, other MPD besides CML)
• Megakaryocytic: MPD (essential thrombocythemia, CML, primary
myelofibrosis), acute megakaryoblastic leukemia
• Other causes include lymphoma, metastases