Macau Education System

Marinelle Gay F. Sacoco

Ecology and Education
Educ 214
 Education in Macau
Most of the schools in Macau are private or
subsidized schools. There are only a few
government or state schools, in which Portugues
e is used as a medium of instruction or taken as a
compulsory subject in Macau.
A basic 15 years compulsory, free education,
is offered to those pupils who have been enrolled at
the schools which have met certain requirements sti
pulated by the government.
 Education in Macau
Moreover, the majority of the schools in Macau
are grammar schools, which offer language learning
, mathematics, science subjects, social studies, etc. to
the pupils. There are only a few vocational schools in
Macau, offering technical subjects such as car-repairing,
electronics, constructions, etc.
 Education in Macau
As prescribed by the Basic Law of Macau Chapter
VI Article 121, the Government of Macau shall, on its own
, formulate policies on education, including policies
regarding the educational system and its administration,
the language of instruction, the allocation of funds, the
examination system, the recognition of educational
qualifications and the system of academic awards so as
to promote educational development.
 Level of Education

6 Primary Education

3 Junior Secondary Education

Senior Secondary Education/

3 Vocational Education

Higher/Tertiary Education
 Kindergarten
Typical Age Grade/level Curriculum Schools
Stages
3
4 N/A Infant Kindergarten
Education
5
 Primary Education
The education system in Macau is perhaps best de
scribed as non-regulated. A lack of interest in the past
resulted in individual churches, expatriate groups and
cultural groups starting schools for their own purposes,
which is why schools teaching in Macau, Chinese,
Portuguese and English exist largely in parallel, and
why these are at best state-subsidized. In principle, the
first 9 years of education is free to students at schools that
meet certain government requirements, of which the first 6
usually take place at a form of primary school.
 Secondary Education
The majority of secondary-level schools are so-called
grammar schools offering tuition in languages, maths,
natural sciences and social studies. Of the 6 years
involved, the first 3 are an introductory phase after
which many leave because education will no longer be
free to them. Those who stay on for the final 3 years
often separate into science, commerce and arts stream
s. At the end of this period, they may choose to sit a
leaving examination appropriate to the type of tertiary
study that they have in mind.
 Vocational Education
There are few vocational schools in Macau, and those
that exist offer technical tuition in spheres like car repair
, electrical engineering and electronics. Those who
cannot afford the fees, study at the university of life inst
ead.
 Tertiary Education
Macao only started to develop modern tertiary e
ducation some 30 years ago. Since there were only a f
ew tertiary education institutions in the early days, the r
ange of programmes and disciplines offered by these in
stitutions were relatively limited. However, as the numb
er of institutions increased, and society demanded diffe
rent types of expertise, the types of programmes have
diversified.
 Tertiary Education
There are more than ten higher-learning institutions in
Macau. Some students choose to further their studies
in the local universities or polytechnics whereas some
others choose to further their studies in mainland Chi
na, Taiwan, Hong Kong, the UK, the US, Canada, Aus
tralia, or some other places.
Tertiary Education
Macao has 10 tertiary educational institutions. Four of
them are public and six are private.
Public Private
Education
Since its establishment, the Macao Government has a
ctively optimized non-tertiary and tertiary education, with a vi
“developing Macao
ew to implementing the goals of
through education” and “cultivating
talents for the development of Macao” in vari
ous aspects, including institutions, resource allocation and pl
anning. In addition, in adhering to the principle of diversity in t
ertiary education, the Government supports the autonomy of t
ertiary institutions, and coordinates the development of differ
ent tertiary institutions to raise their academic quality.
Non- Tertiary Education
Macao is the first region in Greater China that
provides 15 years of free education.
Since the promulgation of the Fundamental Law on
Non-tertiary Education in 2006, non-tertiary education in
Macao has been classified into two types: formal educati
on and continuing education.
Non- Tertiary Education
Private schools in Macao can be classified into two types:
those following the local education system and those following
a non-local education system. Non-profit private schools that
follow the local education system may apply for entry into the
free education network. The Government encourages schools
to develop their own characteristics and style in terms of
mission, curriculum and teaching mode according to their back
grounds. The Government also supports the development of a
diversified school system, to nurture more
Free Education

Since the 2007/2008 academic year, free education has

been extended to cover the entire 15-year period of compulsor
y education: three years of kindergarten, six years of primary,
three years of junior secondary and three years of senior seco
ndary schooling.
Free Education

To create favorable conditions for small-class teaching,

the Government has reduced the number of pupils for each cl
ass from 35-45 pupils to 25-35 students. This began in the 2
007/2008 academic year, initially covering the first year in pr
eschool education, and was subsequently expanded to co
ver more senior levels in the following academic years.
 Free Education Subsidies and Tuition
Fee Subsidies

The Government offered free education subsidies to

private schools within the free education network. Students
studying in schools that did not provide free education were
provided tuition fee subsidies. The amounts of both types of
subsidies were continuously increased.
 Education Level 2017/2018 Academic 2017/2018 Academic
Year Free Education Year Tuition Education
Subsidies (patacas) Subsidies (patacas)
Kindergarten 918,200 per class 18,490 per student
Primary 1,012,900 per class 20,600 per student
Junior Secondary 1,234,600 per class 22,950 per student
Senior Secondary 1,404,400 per class 22,950 per student

In addition, during the 2017/2018 academic year the Government

continued offering textbook allowances to students who are Macao residents
receiving formal education in Macao. The textbook allowances for each
kindergarten pupil, primary school pupil and secondary school student were
2,000 patacas, 2,600 patacas and 3,000 patacas, respectively.
Life-long Learning
The Government launched the first and second phases
of the Continuing Education Development Plan from 2011 to
2016. To continue encouraging life-long learning, the
Government launched the third phase of the Continuing
Education Development Plan (2017-2019) during the year. By
31 December 2017, this phase entailed subsidies totalling
around 200 million patacas to more than 100,000 eligible
residents. There were also some 7,000 applications for
subsidies for participating in local tertiary education and
overseas programes.
 THE IMPROVEMENT OF
EDUCATION IN MACAU
Macau experienced slow progress before the
middle of twentieth century. Primary education was
gradually popularized from the 1960s onwards, and the
development of secondary and higher education followed.
The economy of Macau was developing fast in the
following two decades, which induced changes in the
structure of society and families. As a result, education in
Macau boomed, particularly primary.
 THE IMPROVEMENT OF
EDUCATION IN MACAU
Since the Macau Special Administrative Region of
China was set up in December 1999, the government has
provided 15 years compulsory education, comprised of th
ree years of kindergarten followed by primary and second
ary education each of six years. Out of 77 secondary
schools in Macau, 65 offer free education. There are 10
accredited institutions for higher education in Macau,
offering more than 250 academic programs.
 THE IMPROVEMENT OF
EDUCATION IN MACAU
Compared to China and other nations, education in
Macau displays special features of its own. The whole socie
ty in Macau pays high attention to education, comprehensiv
e curricula and professional development. Students are
open to bilingual education and extracurricular activities.
While education in Macau is fast developing and has
made great achievements, a few existing problems are also
transparent. Before free and compulsory education was
extended to 15 years in Macau, only 35.3 percent of the
employed population had received a high school education.
 THE IMPROVEMENT OF
EDUCATION IN MACAU
Tertiary education in Macau is also far from
problem-free. The system of tertiary education is not
consistent with other levels of education; performance
appraisal in universities exists in name only. Due to the
high cost of tuition in Macau, student resources and living
space and restrictive. Meanwhile, more than 70 percent
of students choose the major of economy and business
management, which leads to an unbalanced allocation of
educational resources. This is harmful to the healthy grow
th of these institutions in the long run.
 THE IMPROVEMENT OF
EDUCATION IN MACAU
To sum up, the current education in Macau has
great potential for future improvement. Kindergarten
education urges more attention from governmental
and public support, and there is a need for better
integration of all levels of education. Meanwhile, the
structure of tertiary subjects also requires adjustment
to meet the economic development strategy with
diversity in this reign.
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