Classification of

Matter

Capilitan – Derramas – Flores – Gonzaga (bsmt 1D – A)

 matt
er
• Anything that has mass and occupies space

• Can be classified as solid, liquid, or gas based

on the characteristics it exhibits
 soli Liqui ga
d d s

State Shape Volume Compressible Flow

SOLID Fixed Fixed No No

LIQUID Indefinite Fixed No Yes

GAS Indefinite Indefinite Yes Yes

Classification of
Matter
“BY COMPOSITION”
• Composition may vary from one • Composition does not change
sample to another • From one sample to another
• Two or more types of atoms or • Made of a single type of atom or
molecules combined in variable molecule, because the composition of a
proportions pure substance is always the same, all
• Because composition varies, different samples have the same
samples have different characteristics.
characteristics
 Pure
substance
elemen compoun
Content A
•
ts
Cannot be decomposed into simpler •
ds
Substances that can be decomposed
substances by chemical reactions • Chemical combinations of elements
• Basic building blocks of matter • Composed of molecules that contain
• Composed of single type of atom two or more different kinds of atoms
• Examples: Carbon, Hydrogen, Iron, • All molecules of a compound are
Aluminum foil, Copper wire identical, so all samples of a compound
behave the same way
• Examples: Water, Salt, Sugar
 mixtur
Homogene e heterogene
Content A
• “Solutions”
ous •
ous
Mixture that does not have uniform
• Mixture that has uniform composition composition throughout
throughout • Made of multiple substances, whose
• Made of multiple substances, but presence can be seen
appears to be one substance • Portions of a sample have different
• All portions of an individual sample composition and properties
have the same composition and • Example: Halo-halo, Sand and salt, Milk
properties tea
• Example: Tea with sugar, Water with
powdered juice
 Heterogene
colloious
suspensi
•
d
Usually foggy or milky when being •
on
Large particles, visible to the eye
observed • Don’t mix completely and can separate
• Particles are dispersed in a medium, over time
but are not dissolved in it • Example: Fresh squeezed lemonade,
• Example: Foggy or smoke-filled air, Milk Sand in water
 Tyndall
effect
• The scattering of light by particles in a mixture
• To detect a colloid, shine a light through the
substance
• If there is a definite beam of light visible, it is a
colloid
Changes in
matter
physical
• Changes that alter the state or
appearance of the matter without altering
the composition
• Change of size, shape/state of matter
• Examples: Ice cube melting,
Boiling/Freezing of water, Cutting paper in
pieces
Changes in
matter
chemical
• Changes that alter the composition of
the matter

• The rusting of iron is a chemical change.

The iron atoms in the nail combine with
oxygen atoms from O2 in the air to make
a new substance, rust, with a different
composition
 Properties of
physical
matter C12H22O11(s)
• Characteristics of matter that can
be changed without changing its
composition CO2(g)
• Characteristics that are directly
observable Dry Ice
• Examples: Color, Shape, Size

CO2(
s) C12H22O11(aq)
Subliming of Dry Ice Dissolving Sugar
Properties of
matter
chemical
• Characteristics that determine
how the composition of matter
changes as a result of contact with
other matter or the influence of
energy
• Processes that cause changes in
the matter that change its
composition
• Example: Flammability, Reaction
to light, Solubility, Reactivity
Mixture v.s.
compound
 Experiment no. 1
(elements v.s. compounds)
Magnesiu
m ribbon

2 Mg (s) + O2 (g) → 2 MgO (s)

 C12H22O11+heat→12C+11H2O

Sugar in
cracked
test tube
Experiment no. 2
(homogeneous v.s.
heterogeneous)
Dissolved
sugar in
water
Salt and
sand
mixture