Professional Documents
Culture Documents
GSM, GPRS, Umts, Hsdpa and HSUPA Protocols and Call Flow by Kiran Koona
GSM, GPRS, Umts, Hsdpa and HSUPA Protocols and Call Flow by Kiran Koona
By
Kiran Koona
Overview
Layer 2 Protocols
LAPDm Link Access Protocol D-channel-mobile
LAPD Link Access Protocol D-Channel
Layer 3 Protocols
RR – Radio Resource Management
MM – Mobility Management
CM – Connection management
BTSM – Base Transceiver Station Management
SCCP – Signalling Connection Control Part
BSSMAP – Base Station Subsystem
MAP-Mobile Application Part
DTAP – Direct Transfer Application Part
TUP , ISUP
Physical Layer
1. Txn of bits
2. Error detection and Correction
3. Interleaving
4. Burst Formating
5. Measurements
6. Power Control
7. Modulation and Demodulation
BTS-BSC: 64Kbps
BSC-MSC:2Mbps (32*64Kbps)
Physical Layer
Interfaces with Physical Layer
Layer-2: LAPDm and LAPD
1. Flow control
2. Sequence Numbering
3. Duplicate detection
4. Frame formatting
Layer-3: RRM
Protocols: RR, RSM, BSSAP.
1. Cell selection and Reselection Control
2. Handover procedure
3. Establishing , maintaining, monitoring and releasing the channels
4. Monitoring and forwarding of radio connections
5. Introduction of encryption
6. Change in transmission mode ,Channel coding depending on
channel conditions Advise L1 and L2
7. MS level measurement commands control
8. Frequency redefinition Downlink Freq hopping
9. Broadcasting System Information Downlink
10. Paging
RRM Messages
Layer-3:MM
Protocols : DTAP,MAP.
1. Authentication request/response
2. Ciphering Information/Commands from MSC
3. Abort from MSC Auth Failure
4. Normal location Updating request/response
5. Periodic location update
6. TMSI Reallocation Procedure
7. IMSI attach/detach
8. IMEI request/response
MM Messages
Layer-3:CM
1. Call control (CC) - manages call connections,
2. Supplementary service support (SS) - handles special services
3. Short message service support (SMS) - transfers brief texts.
CC:
Mobile-originating call establishment Setup message
Mobile-terminating call establishment Paging
Call clearing initiated by the network
Call clearing initiated by the Mobile
DTMF
SS:
Call Forwarding
Call waiting ,Call Hold and Conference
Multi Call
CLIP,CLIR ,COLP and COLR
SMS:
CM Messages
SS 7
To provide General purpose Signaling system to be used globally.
CCS , Out of Band
ITU-T Q.700 series.
Elements: SSP,STP and SCP.
Access Links: A to F
Analogy: MTP3 IP and SCCPTCP
SCCP: GTT, Ext MTP (Supports CL or CO)
Message Discrimination & distribution
TCAP: Query and Response (CL or CO )
MTP 3: Routing within SPC
MTP2: Node to node delivery
SS 7 Architecture
SSP, STP and SCP
SS 7 Logical Network
MAP
MAP messages are carried by TCAP when dealing with Database centre.
MAP Sessions: Open, Close. Message Types: Request, Response, Notification and
Confirmation.
GTT
GSM Call flow
GSM Logical Channels
IMSI Attach
Location Update
Authentication and Ciphering
Identity (IMSI) checking
Call Origination
2929
Call Clearing
IMSI Detach
MSRN Usage
Our HLR Knows where our Customer is,
Only our GMSC can inquire our HLR
GPRS
GPRS Architecture-Interfaces
GPRS Protocol Stack
Packet Fragmentation
MAC
1. MAC arbitrates access to the shared medium between
multiple MSs and GPRS network.
2. Uplink: Managing limited resourcesSlotted Aloha
3. Downlink: Queuing and Scheduling of access attempts.
4. Priority handling between data flows of one UE
5. Priority handling between UEs by means of dynamic
scheduling—Downlink
6. Channel mapping
7. Traffic Volume monitoring
RLC
1. SAR
2. Concatenation
3. Padding
4. Error Correction---CRC, ARQ (For AM)
5. In-Sequence delivery of SDUs
6. Duplicate detection
7. Flow control
8. Sequence number check---UM
9. Suspend/resume functionality
10. SDU discard
LLC
Provide a reliable logical link between MS and SGSN.
LLC messages are transparent to RAN.
Transmission in Asynchronous Disconnected Mode and
Asynchronous Balanced Mode
Ciphering.
Transfer of PDUs of Higher Layers
C-Plane: attach, authentication and PDP activation
U-Plane: carry actual data.
Can be AM or UM
SNDCP
• Transparent over BSS. Used only in U-Plane
• multiplexing of PDPs. Can be AM or UM
• compression of user data (including IP header compression) RFC 1154 & 2507
1. Storage of CB
2. Traffic volume monitoring and radio resource request for
CBS
3. Scheduling of BMC messages
4. Transmission of BMC messages to UE
PDCP
PDCP: Packet Data Convergence Protocol
1. PS Domain
2. PDCP contains compression methods, which are needed to get
better spectral efficiency over radio interface.
3. IP Packet header compression. Eg: 40 bytes for IPv4 and at least
60 bytes for IPv6. (RFC 2507)
4. Transfer of user data
Non Access Stratum
Protocol Interworking architecture
Transport : Carry Signaling and User data.
Radio N/W : Establish, maintain and Release RB.
System: Create Communication with Core network.
Transport Network protocols
Radio network protocols
System network protocols
UMTS Call flow
R99 Channels
Basic Model of Network
transactions
RRC Connection Setup
RRC Connection CCCH (By passing Node-B)
Paging
Paging Type 1 through PCCH
Paging Type-2 through DCCH
RRC Connection CCCH
Authentication and Security Control
DCCH Channel and MM messages
Transaction setup and RAB allocation
(CS)
Setup : DCCH Call Proceeding: DTCH
Transaction setup and RAB allocation
(PS)
Transaction Clearing with RAB release
RRC Connection release
LU in CS domain
RU in PS domain
HSDPA and HSUPA
R99 RRM Architecture
HSDPA and HSUPA RRM Architecture
New Functionalities
HSDPA and HSUPA Channels
R99 Protocol Stack
HSPA Protocol stack
HSDPA Protocol Stack
HSDPA user plane Protocol Architecture
Fast Node-B Scheduling
H-ARQ ,Incremental Redundancy
Soft Buffer at Node-B and UE
Retransmission at N/W borders No Soft Handover
HSUPA Protocol Stack
HSUPA user plane protocol Architecture
Mac-es/e : Uplink Scheduling
Mac-e: Hybrid ARQ , Buffer
Mac-es : In-sequence delivery (Soft Handover)
RLC re transmissions may take place if Physical layer re
transmissions is exceeded initiated by RNC.
References
1. 3G TS 25.321, MAC Protocol Specification.
2. 3G TS 25.322, RLC Protocol Specification.
3. 3G TS 25.323, PDCP Protocol Specification
4. 3G TS 25.331, RRC Protocol Specification
5. 3G TS 25.324, Broadcast/Multicast Control Protocol (BMC)
Specification
6. 3G TS 25.302, Services Provided by the Physical Layer
7. 3GPP TS 25.331 RRC specification
8. 3GPP TS 25.413 RANAP
9. 3GPP TS 25.423 RANSAP
10. 3GPP TS 25.433 NBAP
11. GSM.System.Engineering.-.Artech BOOK, by Asha Mehrotra.
12. GPRS BOOK-MC-HIL by R.J. Bates.
13. WCDM for UMTS-Wiley –H.Holma and A.Toskala
14. SS7 –MC-HILL by Travel Russel
Datagram
Virtual Circuit