IDEA Presents … 1

BA18052S: Building Construction V

Semester 5: B.Arch.
Long Span Structures
Introduction
© 2015, Vivek S. Patankar-Architect. All Rights Reserved. Date: 09-Jul-2015.
» After successful completion of this lecture, you
will be able to
Describe What are Long Span Structures
Describe Why do we need Long Span Structures
Describe Building Types
Describe Geometry and Structural Systems.
Describe Issues required to be tackled on account
of large span structures.

Learning Objectives 2

© 2015, Vivek S. Patankar-Architect. All Rights Reserved. Date: 09-Jul-2015.

 What are Long Span Structures
Structures with span larger than 20mts are generally considered as
Long Span Structures. Such structures if built in regular RCC
construction the size and cost of structural members would be very
high and hence an alternative construction technique is adopted.

Introduction 3

© 2015, Vivek S. Patankar-Architect. All Rights Reserved. Date: 09-Jul-2015.

 Why do we need Long Span Structures

 Column free internal space

 Better visual connection
 Flexibility for work
 Services co-ordination.
 Large movable objects(Aircraft hangers)

Introducion 4

© 2015, Vivek S. Patankar-Architect. All Rights Reserved. Date: 09-Jul-2015.

 Building Types

 Industrial buildings
 Auditoriums
 Exhibition Halls
 Warehouses
 Indoor/Outdoor Stadiums
 Airports
 Railway Stations
 Bridges

Introduction 5

© 2015, Vivek S. Patankar-Architect. All Rights Reserved. Date: 09-Jul-2015.

 Building Types

 Industrial buildings

Introduction 6

© 2015, Vivek S. Patankar-Architect. All Rights Reserved. Date: 09-Jul-2015.

 Geometry and Structural Systems
Common Structural system used for Long span structures in steel

 Trusses
 Portal Frames
 Space Frames
 Girders
 Composite beams
 Domes
 Shell Structures
 ADD PICTURES

Introduction 7

© 2015, Vivek S. Patankar-Architect. All Rights Reserved. Date: 09-Jul-2015.

 Trusses
Trusses comprise assemblies of tension and compression
elements. Under gravity loads, the top and bottom chords of the
truss provide the compression and tension resistance to overall
bending, and the bracing resists the shear forces.
Types of Trusses :
 Pratt Truss
 Warren Truss
 North Light Truss
 Bowstring Truss
 Vierendeel truss

Introduction 8

© 2015, Vivek S. Patankar-Architect. All Rights Reserved. Date: 09-Jul-2015.

 Trusses
Pratt Truss
 Diagonal members are in tension
 This type of truss is used where gravity loads are predominant
 Single or a double slope to upper chord.

Introduction 9

© 2015, Vivek S. Patankar-Architect. All Rights Reserved. Date: 09-Jul-2015.

 Trusses
Warren Truss
 Warren truss has equal length compression and
tension web members.
 Used for gantry/crane girders.

Introduction 10

© 2015, Vivek S. Patankar-Architect. All Rights Reserved. Date: 09-Jul-2015.

 Trusses
North Light Truss
 Maximum benefit to be gained from natural lighting
 Orientation of structure is important

Introduction 11

© 2015, Vivek S. Patankar-Architect. All Rights Reserved. Date: 09-Jul-2015.

 Trusses
Bowstring Truss
 Bowstring truss has diagonal load-bearing members
 Generally used in bridges

Introduction 12

© 2015, Vivek S. Patankar-Architect. All Rights Reserved. Date: 09-Jul-2015.

 Portal Frames
 Rigid frame
 Frame acts as one structural entity
 Long span Portal frames hinged or pin joint at base.

Types of Portal frames:

 Fixed Portal
 Two Pin Portal
 Three Pin Portal

Introduction 13

© 2015, Vivek S. Patankar-Architect. All Rights Reserved. Date: 09-Jul-2015.

 Portal Frames
Fixed Portal :
 All joints of these Portals are Rigid.
 Moment transferred to foundations will not be excessive.
 Generally used for small size frames.

Introduction 14

© 2015, Vivek S. Patankar-Architect. All Rights Reserved. Date: 09-Jul-2015.

 Portal Frames
Two Pin Portal :
 Hinges at base connections

Introduction 15

© 2015, Vivek S. Patankar-Architect. All Rights Reserved. Date: 09-Jul-2015.

 Portal Frames
Three Pin Portal :
 Hinges at base connections

Introduction 16

© 2015, Vivek S. Patankar-Architect. All Rights Reserved. Date: 09-Jul-2015.

 Space Frames
 Rigid structure, constructed by interlocking struts
 in geometric pattern.
 Can achieve complex geometries
 Modular system

Introduction 17

© 2015, Vivek S. Patankar-Architect. All Rights Reserved. Date: 09-Jul-2015.

 Girders
The height of a girder is the most significant factor to affect
its load capacity

Types of Girders:
Plate girder is a girder that has been fabricated by welding plates
together to create the desired shape.
Box girder is a box shaped.
Box girder is particularly resistant to torsion.

Introduction 18

© 2015, Vivek S. Patankar-Architect. All Rights Reserved. Date: 09-Jul-2015.

 Composite beams
Methods of manufacturing beams with web openings
Individual openings are cut in web, steel section is symmetric
in shape. Method used for isolated openings.

Fabricated I-section is made, can be asymmetrical. And beams can

be tapered in depth along the length.

Introduction 19

© 2015, Vivek S. Patankar-Architect. All Rights Reserved. Date: 09-Jul-2015.

 Domes
Types of dome :

Ribbed domes
Diamatic domes
Lamella domes
Saucer domes
Geodesic domes
Cable Net domes
Inflated domes

Introduction 20

© 2015, Vivek S. Patankar-Architect. All Rights Reserved. Date: 09-Jul-2015.

 Domes
Types of dome :

Ribbed domes:
Formed by rotating a set of identical arches about a central axis.
Radial lines act as Ribs.

Ribs

Introduction 21

© 2015, Vivek S. Patankar-Architect. All Rights Reserved. Date: 09-Jul-2015.

 Domes
Diamatic domes:
Primary structure is made from any number of Arches
with lateral rings
Arches are reinforced with triangular bracing.

Introduction 22

© 2015, Vivek S. Patankar-Architect. All Rights Reserved. Date: 09-Jul-2015.

 Domes
Lamella domes:
Helical arrangement of ribs
Concentric rings

Introduction 23

© 2015, Vivek S. Patankar-Architect. All Rights Reserved. Date: 09-Jul-2015.

 Domes
Saucer domes:
Segmental domes.
Profiles are shallow
Strong but have increased radial thrust.

Introduction 24

© 2015, Vivek S. Patankar-Architect. All Rights Reserved. Date: 09-Jul-2015.

 Domes
Geodesic domes:
Composed of triangles in a polyhedron pattern
Efficiency increases with size.
Domes are upper portion of Geodesic sphere.

Introduction 25

© 2015, Vivek S. Patankar-Architect. All Rights Reserved. Date: 09-Jul-2015.

 Domes
Cable Net domes:

These are predominantly tension structures.

Introduction 26

© 2015, Vivek S. Patankar-Architect. All Rights Reserved. Date: 09-Jul-2015.

 Shell Structures

Shell structures can be represented geometrically by surfaces.

Shells are relatively rigid
Shells work by a combination of membrane and bending action.
Membrane action is more efficient but bending action is required
to stop buckling and possible inextensible modes of deformation.

Introduction 27

© 2015, Vivek S. Patankar-Architect. All Rights Reserved. Date: 09-Jul-2015.

 Issues required to be tackled on account
of large span structures.

Roofing
Ventilation
Light – Natural and Artificial
Rainwater Drainage
Installation of structure
Wind Load
Maintenance

Introduction 28

© 2015, Vivek S. Patankar-Architect. All Rights Reserved. Date: 09-Jul-2015.

 KEY WORDS
Geometry / Profile of structure
Column free space
Aesthetic appeal to the space
Compressive and Tensile forces
Roof Coverings

Introduction 29

© 2015, Vivek S. Patankar-Architect. All Rights Reserved. Date: 09-Jul-2015.

 ASSIGNMENT

• Find out different types of structural system and relevant roof

covering. Describe the same with help of sketches, photographs
and a write-up to explain the system.
• Include all the Details showing different methods of joining the
structural members.
• Shall include a building which has adopted the structural system
• Submission requirements:
01.Photographs – sketches(preferred) to explain.
02.Detailed write-up of about 1000 words min. explaining the type.
03. Presentation will be A4 size, monochrome, font size not more
than 12, minimum 06 sheets.

Introduction 30

© 2015, Vivek S. Patankar-Architect. All Rights Reserved. Date: 09-Jul-2015.