Section Outline

Section 15-1

15–1The Puzzle of Life’s

Diversity
A. Voyage of the
Beagle
B. Darwin’s
Observations
1. Patterns of
Diversity
2. Living
 Figure 15–1 Darwin’s Voyage

Section 15-1
 Giant Tortoises of the Galápagos
Islands
Section 15-1

Pinta
Tower
Marchena
Pinta Island
Intermediate shell
James
Fernandina

Santa Cruz

Isabela
Santa Fe

Hood Island
Floreana Hood Saddle-backed shell

Isabela Island
Dome-shaped shell
 Darwin’s finches

Darwin’s Hypothesis about

variation in finches:

Original ancestral species

From South America was isolated
(blown there by storm). They
Inhabited islands and adapted
to enviroment.
 Section Outline

Section 15-2

15–2Ideas That Shaped

Darwin’s Thinking
A. An Ancient, Changing Earth
1. Hutton’s Theory of Geological Change
2. Lyell’s Principles of Geology
B. Lamarck’s Theory of Evolution
1. Tendency Toward Perfection
2. Use and Disuse
3. Inheritance of Acquired Traits
4. Evaluating Lamarck’s Theory
C. Population Growth
 Hutton and Lyell

Hutton and Lyell

•Geologist that influenced Darwin’s ideas of how earth is changing
•Earth must be millions of years old (now billions)
• Geological processes are very slow…for a mountain, canyon to
form, etc. Grand Canyon, Rocky Mountains would take much
more than thousand of years to form
Darwins discusses geological change 8:00
 Movement of Earth’s Crust

Section 15-2
Lamarck’s Theory of Evolution

Use vs. Disuse

•Incorrect!
•Organism structures would
become more prominent
with use
•Would pass these
“acquired” traits on
(remember: if we dye our
hair we wouldn’t pass that
on)
 Figure 15–7 Lamarck’s Theory of
Evolution
Section 15-2

Fiddler Crab example

2. Use and disuse

Waving to attract mates

1. Tendency towards perfection

Changing to live more successfully

Fiddler Crab 3. Inheritance of acquired characteristics

 Population Growth

Thomas Malthus –
•War, famine and disease limited growth
of populations
•Influenced Darwin on “pressures” that
exist to survive

Darwin thought most species don’t

survive…Frog lays thousands of eggs
why isn’t earth crawling with frogs. Too
much pressure!
 Section Outline

Section 15-3

15–3Darwin Presents His

Case
A. Publication of On the
Origin of Species
B. Natural Variation and
Artificial Selection
C. Evolution by Natural
Selection
1. The Struggle for
Existence
Artificial Selection

Darwin 1:21
 Natural Selection

Leads to struggle for existence

Some are more “fit”

pocket mouse natural selection

Descent with modification

Common ancestors
idea of descent
 Concept Map

Section 15-3

Evidence of
Evolution

includes

Geographic Similarities
Homologous
The fossil record distribution of in early
body structures
living species development

which is composed of which indicates which implies which implies

Physical Common
remains of ancestral Similar genes Similar genes
organisms species
Strata
 The Fossil Record

Archaeopteryx
Lucy
Geographic distribution of species

Biogeography – geographic
distribution of species. Why
only kangaroos in Australia?
Why so much diversity on
islands? Why different species
occupying similar environment
in different areas?
 Figure 15–14 Geographic Distribution
of Living Species
Section 15-3

Beaver

Beaver

NORTH Muskrat
AMERICA
Muskrat Beaver and
Muskrat

Coypu

Capybara

Coypu and
Capybara SOUTH
Capybara
AMERICA

Coypu
 Figure 15–15 Homologous Body
Structures
Section 15-3

Turtle Alligator Bird Mammals

Typical primitive fish

 Homologous Structures – Vestigial

Human vestigial structures

Comparative Embryology
Similarity in early development