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Statistics and Probability Lecture 2
Statistics and Probability Lecture 2
• 𝐸 𝑋 = σ[𝑥𝑃 𝑥 ]
• X= Discrete random variable
• x= outcome or value of the random variable
• P(x)= Probability of the outcome x
EXAMPLE NO. 1
0 0.25
1 0.50
2 0.25
𝐸 𝑋 = σ[𝑥𝑃 𝑥 ] =
The expected value is 1. so the average number of college graduate in the household of the
small town is one.
EXAMPLE NO. 2
x P(x) xP (x)
1 0.10
2 0.20
3 0.45
4 0.25
𝐸 𝑋 = σ[𝑥𝑃 𝑥 ] =
So E(X) = 2.85
EXAMPLE NO. 3
• A security guard recorded the number of people entering the bank every hour
during one working day. The random variable X represent the number of people
who entered the bank. The probability distribution of X is shown below:
x 0 1 2 3 4 5
P(x) 0 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.1
• What is the expected number of people who enters the bank every hour?
SOLUTION
X P(x) xP (x)
0 0
1 0.1
2 0.2
3 0.4
4 0.2
5 0.1
𝐸 𝑋 = σ[𝑥𝑃 𝑥 ] =
𝑃 𝑥 = 1.0
Therefore the average number of people entering the bank every hour during that working day is three
VARIANCE AND STANDARD DEVIATION OF A
DISCRETE RANDOM VARIABLE
• The variance of a random variable x is denoted by 𝜎 2 . It can likewise be written as var
(X). The variance of random variance of random variable is the expected value of the
square of the difference between the assumed value of random variable and the mean .
The variance of x is :
• Var (x) = σ[(𝑥 − 𝜇)2 P(x)]
• Or 𝜎 2 = σ[(𝑥 − 𝜇)2 𝑃(𝑥)]
• Where:
• x = outcome
• 𝜇 = 𝑃𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛
• P(x) = Probability of the outcome
• The larger the value of the variance , the farther are values of X from the mean.
The variance is tricky to interpret since it uses the square of the unit of measure of
X. so it is easier to interpret the value of the standard deviation because it uses the
same unit of measure X.