DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL

ENGINEERING

Environment Health And Safety

In respect of:
Engr Sher Muhammad Ghoto
Explain cyclones, and electrostatic
precipitators diagrammatically. Explain
their working mechanism in detail.

Usama Zaffar 16 ME-45

Contents
 Cyclones
 Working mechanism
 Electrostatic precipitators
 Working of electrostatic precipitators
 Diagrammatic demonstrations
 Cyclone

 Cyclone separators or simply cyclones are

separation devices (dry scrubbers) that use the principle of
inertia to remove particulate matter from flue
gases. Cyclone separators is one of many air pollution
control devices known as pre cleaners since they generally
remove larger pieces of particulate matter.

 It is used to treatment of Effluent air which is exhaust from

different activates such as
 boilers
 Plants
 Internal combustion engines , ETC.
 cyclones sometimes referred to as,
 Dust Collectors ,
 separators ,
 Centrifugal separators ,
 and inertial separators
 or found in single , multiple stages.
 inertia: A body will preserve its velocity and direction so long as no force
in its motion's direction acts on it.
Scrubber
 A scrubber or scrubber system is a system that is used to remove harmful
materials from industrial exhaust gases before they are released into
the environment. There are two main ways to scrub pollutants out of
exhaust, and they are:

 Wet Scrubbing: The removal of harmful components of exhausted flue

gases by spraying a liquid substance through the gas.

 Dry Scrubbing: The removal of harmful components of exhausted flue

gases by introducing a solid substance to the gas - generally in powdered
form.
 Both of these methods work similarly and perform the same
process of removing pollutants. The main difference is the
materials they use to filter the gases. By
removing acidic gases from the exhaust before it is released
into the sky, scrubbers help prevent the formation of acid
rain.
 How it works ?
 Cyclone use inertia to remove particles from
the gas stream.
 Cyclone imparts centrifugal force on the gas
stream within the conical shape chamber.
Application

 Cyclones are used to near the emission point in different

industries for controlling air pollution or recovering and
recycling food products and material process :
 Such AS:
1. Cement kiln
2. Blast furnaces
3. Roasting of ores
4. Bagasse boiler and fluidizer bed , gasifier , etc.
Electrostatic precipitator
 An electrostatic precipitator (ESP) is a filtration device
that removes fine particles, like dust and smoke, from a
flowing gas using the force of an induced electrostatic
charge minimally impeding the flow of gases through
the unit.
 In contrast to wet scrubbers which apply energy directly
to the flowing fluid medium, an ESP applies energy only
to the particulate matter being collected and therefore
is very efficient in its consumption of energy (in the form
of electricity).
 Electrostatic precipitation is a method of dust collection
that uses electrostatic forces, and consists of discharge
wires and collecting plates. A high voltage is applied to
the discharge wires to form an electrical field between
the wires and the collecting plates, and also ionizes the
gas around the discharge wires to supply ions. When gas
that contains an aerosol (dust, mist) flows between the
collecting plates and the discharge wires, the aerosol
particles in the gas are charged by the ions.
 The Coulomb force caused by the electric field causes
the charged particles to be collected on the collecting
plates, and the gas is purified. This is the principle of
electrostatic precipitation, and Electrostatic precipitator
apply this principle on an industrial scale. The particles
collected on the collecting plates are removed by
methods such as (1) dislodging by rapping the
collecting plates, (2) scraping off with a brush, or (3)
washing off with water, and removing from a hopper.
APPLICATIONS

 Local dust controller in industry such as

 Power plant.
 Cement manufacturing industry.
 Chemical industries.
 Metal processing
 Paper industries