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Computer Network
Network Models
2.1 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
2-1 LAYERED TASKS
2.2
Figure 2.1 Tasks involved in sending a letter
2.3
2-2 THE OSI MODEL
Established in 1947, the International Standards
Organization (ISO) is a multinational body dedicated to
worldwide agreement on international standards. An ISO
standard that covers all aspects of network
communications is the Open Systems Interconnection
(OSI) model. It was first introduced in the late 1970s.
2.4
Note
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Figure 2.2 Seven layers of the OSI model
2.6
Figure 2.3 The interaction between layers in the OSI model
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Figure 2.4 An exchange using the OSI model
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2-3 LAYERS IN THE OSI MODEL
2.9
Physical Layer
The physical layer coordinates the functions
required to carry a bit stream over a physical
medium.
2.11
Physical Layer
The physical layer is also concerned with the following:
2.15
can send and receive at the same time.
Data Link Layer
The data link layer transforms the physical
layer, a raw transmission facility, to a reliable
link.
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Data Link Layer
Other responsibilities of the data link layer include
the following:
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Figure 2.8 Network layer
2.22
Note
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Figure 2.9 Source-to-destination delivery
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Figure 2.10 Transport layer
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Note
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Figure 2.11 Reliable process-to-process delivery of a message
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Figure 2.12 Session layer
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Note
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Figure 2.13 Presentation layer
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Note
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Figure 2.14 Application layer
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Note
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Figure 2.15 Summary of layers
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2-4 TCP/IP PROTOCOL SUITE
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2-5 ADDRESSING
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Figure 2.17 Addresses in TCP/IP
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Figure 2.18 Relationship of layers and addresses in TCP/IP
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Physical Addresses
The physical address, also known as the link
address.
07:01:02:01:2C:4B
2.41
Example 2.1
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Figure 2.19 Physical addresses
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Logical Addresses
Logical addresses are necessary for universal
communications that are independent of underlying
physical networks.
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Figure 2.20 IP addresses
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Port Addresses
The IP address and the physical address are necessary for a
quantity of data to travel from a source to the destination host.
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Figure 2.21 Port addresses
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Note
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Example 2.5
753
2.51
Specific Addresses
Some applications have user-friendly addresses
that are designed for that specific address.